What is a Kinetochore

The place where two chromosomes  (each known as a chromatid  before the cell splits) are joined before they split into two is called the centromere. A kinetochore is the patch of protein found on the centromere of each chromatid. It is where the chromatids are tightly connected. When its time, at the appropriate phase of cell division, the kinetochores ultimate goal is move chromosomes during  mitosis  and  meiosis. You can think of a kinetochore as  the knot or central point in a game of tug-of-war. Each tugging side is a chromatid getting ready to break away and become part of a new cell. Moving Chromosomes The word kinetochore tells you what it does. The prefix kineto- means move, and the suffix -chore also means move or spread. Each chromosome has two kinetochores. Microtubules that bind a chromosome are called  kinetochore microtubules. Kinetochore fibers extend from the kinetochore region and attach chromosomes to microtubule spindle polar fibers. These fibers work together to separate chromosomes during cell division.   Location and Checks and Balances Kinetochores form in the central region, or centromere, of a duplicated chromosome. A kinetochore consists of an inner region and an outer region. The inner region is bound to chromosomal DNA. The outer region connects to  spindle fibers.   Kinetochores also play an important role in the cells spindle assembly checkpoint. During the cell cycle, checks are made at certain stages of the cycle in order to ensure that proper cell division takes place. One of the checks involves making sure that the spindle fibers are correctly attached to chromosomes at their kinetochores.  The two kinetochores of each chromosome should be attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles. If not, the dividing cell could end up with an incorrect number of chromosomes. When errors are detected, the cell cycle process is halted until corrections are made. If these errors or mutations cannot be corrected, the cell will self-destruct in a process called apoptosis. Mitosis In cell division, there are several phases that involve the cells structures working together to ensure a good split. In the  metaphase of mitosis, kinetochores and spindle fibers help to position chromosomes along the central region of the cell called the metaphase plate. During anaphase, polar fibers push cell poles further apart and kinetochore fibers shorten in length, much like the childrens toy, a Chinese finger trap.  Kinetochores tightly grip polar fibers as they are pulled toward the cell poles. Then, the kinetochore proteins that are holding the sister chromatids together are broken down allowing them to separate. In the Chinese finger trap analogy, it would be as if someone took a scissor and cut the trap at the center releasing both sides. As a result, in cellular biology, sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite cell poles. At the end of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed with the full complement of chromosomes. Meiosis In meiosis, a cell goes through the dividing process two times. In​ part one of the process,  meiosis I, kinetochores are selectively attached to polar fibers extending from only one cell pole. This results in the separation of homologous chromosomes  (chromosome pairs), but not sister chromatids during meiosis I. In the next part of the process,  meiosis II, kinetochores are attached to polar fibers extending from both cell poles. At the end of meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated and chromosomes are distributed among four daughter cells.

Adware - 1371 Words

Caleb Olumuyiwa N/T 2580 Introduction To Information Security Week 2 A ssigment Define Key Terms. Adware | A software program that collects infor- mation about Internet usage and uses it to present targeted advertisements to users. Asset | Any item that has value to an organization or a person. Attack | An attempt to exploit a vulnerability of a computer or network component Backdoor | An undocumented and often unauthor- ized access method to a computer resource that bypasses normal access controls. Black-hat hacker | A computer attacker who tries to break IT security for the challenge and to prove technical prowess. Cookie | A text file sent from a Web site to a Web browser to store for later use. Cookies contain details gleaned†¦show more content†¦Phreaking | The act of studying, experimenting with, or exploring telephone systems, telephone company equipment, and systems connected to public telephone networks. . Pop-up | A type of window that appears on top of the browser window. Pop-ups generally contain ads. Although pop-ups are not strictly adware, many adware programs use them to interact with users. Replay attack | An attack in which the attacker captures data packets from a network and retrans- mits them to produce an unauthorized effect Rootkit | A type of malware that modifies or replaces one or more existing programs to hide the fact that a computer has been compromised. script kiddie | A person with little or no computer- attack skills. Script kiddies simply follow directions or use a cookbook approach without fully under- standing the meaning of the steps they are performing. security breach | Any event that results in a violation of any of the A-I-C security tenets. session hijacking | A network attack in which the attacker attempts to take over an existing connection between two network computers. smurfing | A DoS attack that uses a directed broad- cast to create a flood of network traffic for the victim computer sniffer | An application that captures traffic as it travels across a network spam | Unwanted e-mail or instant messages spear phishing | An e-mail or instant-m essageShow MoreRelatedCyber Attacks : A Huge Problem For Online Communities1231 Words   |  5 Pagesrequire the user to activate them, worms do not require execution, and can begin infecting a computer on their own. Also, unlike viruses, worms do not need to attach themselves onto a file, or a program. 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Spyware missions can quickly appear quickly, commandeer program sessions, divert programs to choose aim at locales or aggregate following data on client skimming propensities. They can make use of a client s PC assetsRead MoreAdware versus Spyware Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesAdware and Spyware - whats the difference? There seems to be a lot of confusion about what the difference is between adware and spyware. Lets set the record straight with a brief description of what each one is. Adware Any software application that has the ability to display advertisements on your computer. Some adware may track your Web surfing habits. These advertisements may be displayed in many forms, including, but not limited to, pop-up, pop-under, and banner advertisements. Adware mayRead MoreMalware Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages The more significant problem on Macs nowadays? Topping the list are adware and PUPs (Potentially Unwanted Programs). 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Marketing Products and the Branding Strategy in the Market

Question: Discuss about the marketing products and the branding strategy of the organization in the market? Answer: Introduction: The assignment is based on the marketing products and the branding strategy of the organization in the market. The researcher has conducted qualitative in-depth-interview of two students. They are the high school students and ready to go to the college. The researcher has arranged interview session for those students where they have to answer six questions. The researcher has provided the ladder diagram based on the answer of the students. In this context, the researcher has arranged the interview schedule for the organization called MetierHS, an institution for high school students. MetierHS provides several opportunities to the students such as internship, service learning opportunities and summer programs. Qualitative questions for first student Question 1: What is your favorite thing about the school? The favorite thing about the school is that special bonding with the students and teachers. Teachers behave friendly with the students and it encourages increasing the knowledge on a particular topic. Students are also helpful, as they do not bother to share notes and study materials with others in the schools. It helps in maintaining proper environment. The good institute needs the great group of teachers (Tuckman and Harper 2012). Therefore, the healthy relationship between teachers and students makes great institute. Question 2: What college would you like to attend in future? As per the first student, college must have multiple learning skills for the enhancement of knowledge. He would like to join a college where he can learn several opportunities of services. Now days, there are many institute that provides internships, service learning opportunities, summer programs (Flexer et al.2012). The Student wants to be engaged in a college that provide effective learning outcome so that he could secure the future. The college must provide different opportunities and social platform to the students to enhance the knowledge. Question 3: What is your educational goal after high school? As per the first student, he would like to have business relation education in future. The service opportunity is decreasing in the market, as the entire competition is high. The business learning process would help him to learn about the current market situation and the possibilities to start a new business. However, the new business would have many difficulties and threats in the market; the opportunity to success is high (Mikkonen et al. 2013). Through the engagement of applying new and innovative approaches, the business could get new height in the market (Cooley and Bickel 2012). Therefore, it will be a better option for him to build the career. Question 4: Why do you think that higher education is important for your further progress? As per the response of the student, it is clear and evident that school education is not enough for building the future of a student. In addition, the students can gain knowledge as well as wisdom after getting education from their higher studies. Question 5: What characteristics would make you different after taking admission in college? This particular student has opined that after taking admission in college, the student has to face a broader world than the school boundary. Opportunity would come to become associated with eminent professors of different fields. By exchanging views or opinions, they can build their personality (Romero and Ventura 2013). Question 6: Why do you think specification of a particular subject is needed after taking admission in college? According to the student, specification is highly needed in order to gain in-depth knowledge for a particular field. Otherwise, the entire study would be in general where the student would have limited knowledge and information in different streams. Concept of ladder diagram: The three basic key elements of the process are such as attributes (A), consequences (C), and values (V) (Bettinger et al.2013). These elements refer perceptual orientation of the products. Ladder diagram: The ladder diagram based on the answer of first student is provided below: Figure 1: Ladder diagram (Source: created by authors) Qualitative questions for second student: Question 1: What are your career goals? The prime career goal of the second student is to get a job in the government sector. Now days, every business has a risk factor and the competition is very high (Lawson and Lawson 2013). Therefore, the government sector is the most secure place to engage. As per second student, he would like to join the institute that provides actual training on the service based learning. There are some institutes like MatierHS, who provide all sorts of training facilities on the different service fields (Hill et al. 2013). The engagement with this type of institute would be helpful for the students to make future. Question 2: What are you most proud of? As per second student, he is most proud of his helping nature. He has helped his friends by giving the study-material. The notes and the study-material allow them to make good results in the examination. This habit of the student allows him to have great number of friends in the school. Question 3: What type of relation do you have with your teachers in the school? The teachers maintain friendly relation with the students. Teachers think that their friendly approaches towards the students help them to know the issues in an appropriate manner. The students clarify all questions related to their study so that they could perform well in the examination. The teachers listen to the student actively for helping them in difficult situation. Proper communication system facilitates the teachers to identify the difficulties in the particular subject (Romero and Ventura 2013). Question 4: Why do you think maintaining effective communication with the teachers in your school is essential? The students believe that maintaining a strong communication with the teachers is one of the most effective ways to gain detailed knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. Communication barriers prevent to share necessary problems with teachers regarding the subject matter. Question 5: What particular barriers have you faced while interacting with your teachers at classroom? This students coming from different culture and background has to face linguistic barriers and cultural barriers as well in order to interact with the students properly. Because of the cultural barrier, the student tends to keep aloof from the normal fellows (Tuckman and Harper 2012). Question 6: Why do you believe setting a future goal is important for a student? Before taking admission in college, setting the future aim is very much important. Specification of a particular subject is necessary for further progress. That is a reason every student should fix their target or aim at the very first stage. Ladder diagram: The ladder diagram based on the answer of second student is provided below: Figure 2: Ladder diagram (Source: Created by author) Conclusion: The qualitative questionnaires of the students help the researcher to get the practical information on the particular topic. In this context, the researcher has collected information from two students about their future objectives. The researcher has provided two different ladder diagrams based on the answers of both high-school students. It has shed lights on the in-depth qualitative research. References Bettinger, E., Boatman, A. and Long, B.T., 2013. Student supports: Developmental education and other academic programs.The Future of Children,23(1), pp.93-115. Cooley, W. and Bickel, W., 2012.Decision-oriented educational research(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Flexer, R.W., Baer, R.M., Luft, P.J. and Simmons, T.J., 2012. Transition planning for secondary students with disabilities. Hill, C.W., Cronk, T. and Wickramasekera, R., 2013.Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Lawson, M.A. and Lawson, H.A., 2013. New conceptual frameworks for student engagement research, policy, and practice.Review of Educational Research, p.0034654313480891. Mikkonen, J., Ruohoniemi, M. and Lindblom-Ylnne, S., 2013. The role of individual interest and future goals during the first years of university studies.Studies in higher education,38(1), pp.71-86. Romero, C. and Ventura, S., 2013. Data mining in education.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery,3(1), pp.12-27. Tuckman, B.W. and Harper, B.E., 2012.Conducting educational research. Rowman Littlefield Publishers.

Love Mumbo Jumbo Essays (829 words) - Sexual Fidelity,

Marlon Josephs Professor Ehtesham-Zadeh ENGL 1101: Composition Rhetoric 13 October 2018 The Right to Love Why do we assume women cheat due to loneliness and a desire for affection? Why do we surmise men cheat because of boredom and lust for intimacy? Half of the marriages, in America, end in divorce. (Francoeur 72) Statistically, the frequency of infidelity has risen fifty percent since 1970. If happy, contented people become unfaithful what drives us to do so? Most Americans believe infidelity occurs because of strained relationships and personal shortcomings. Society world, religions, and cultural institutions have maintained that humanity evolved in families. Scientifically, human beings are not at all monogamous. We know this intellectually, but on an emotional level, we seem to be hardwired for denial. Human nature's promiscuous past worsens struggles over monogamy, relationships, and family dynamics. Human nature cherishes love , sex , and affection but struggles with continuing commitment. Fantasizing about people other than our partner romantically and sexually is common. A consensual non-monogamous relationship is appropriate for some people. The two main criticisms toward non-monogamy are that the relationships do not work in practice and that non-monogamy will destroy relationships. We're going to overlook religious objections, since religion is mainly a matter of opinion and cannot be argued against readily. The argument that non-monogamy does not work in practice is put forth by monogamists who most likely do not understand how having multiple partners could work or are not interested in putting forth the effort to make it work. I believe this contention is based on confirmation bias. To truly determine whether non-monogamous relationships have a higher rate of failure than monogamous relationships we would need the ability to study these relationships properly. Unfortunately, the combination of researchers not understanding polyamory completely and polyamorists not wanting to expose themselves to scrutiny by the public makes it a challenge to run studies and get accurate results. The second argument that non-monogamy will destroy relationships is concerned with the concept of pair-bonding. Opponents to non-monogamy feel that having multiple relationships will make it difficult to maintain or achieve pair-bonding the strong connection between two people often found between mother and child or husband and wife. The fear is bonding partners will be more willing to leave their current relationship for another intimate relationship. (Ferrer) 56. In my opinion, this does not make sense when you consider how common this is in monogamy. Partners in a relationship commonly find another intimate connection and leave their original partner. Would it not be less likely to destroy relationships if the partner did not have to leave their current relationship to form a second relationship. We need to examine the foundation of a polyamorous lifestyle. That requires confronting the erroneous presumptions that relationships consisting of more than one partner involve one man and his harem of women. That is an understandable stereotype that's heavily ingrained in our society , because these types of dynamics have been encouraged by numerous religious groups and previous civilizations. Today's polyamory movement doesn't believe this notion. Some argue polyamory's rise is because of the feminist revolution: as women gained financial and social independence, they could choose their relationships. Today gender equality is a central value of the polyamorous community, and the makeup of connections is determined not by sexual desire but by individual preferences. Middle-class culture has changed drastically. People are not marrying anymore for survival . Dossie Easton, co-author of The Ethical Slut conveys people are not marrying anymore more for survival. 'Our kids won't starve if we get divorced. Today we have marriages and relationships for wildly different reasons than our ancestors did. We're doing it for emotional gratification.'' (Newitz 4) It has been shown that humans are neither strictly monogamous nor strictly non-monogamous; like many things in life, sexuality is a spectrum with some people at either extreme, but most people reside somewhere in the middle. The only constant is change. Society is changing, as is the way we form relationships. Inter-racial marriage and same-sex marriage have become relatively common and acceptable. These changes reflect how people prefer what is best suited for them, and their community rather than what society pressure them to do.

North vs. South, 1861 Face to Face. Strengths and Weaknesses

North vs. South, 1861 Face to Face. Strengths and Weaknesses Among the most memorable events that had the greatest impact on the development of the United States, the war between the North and the South takes the first spot, not only for being one of the greatest bloodbaths in the history, but also for its results, which established final and complete abolition of slavery and heralded the new epoch which would follow soon, the epoch of equal rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on North vs. South, 1861: Face to Face. Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it must be mentioned that, like any other war, the Civil War could have had the most unpredictable consequences and could have resulted in anything unless one of the sides used their resources in a different way. Therefore, assessing and estimating the factors which caused the existing results and finding out the strengths and the weaknesses of each side, as well as the goals of South and the reaso ns the latter were not reached, one can possibly understand why the North finally took its victory. Starting with the Confederates and the factors that defined their war strategy and tactics, one must keep in mind the specifics of the South and the lifestyle which the residents of the South led. Having their fighting and shooting skills perfected, the dwellers of the South were rather tough opponents (Gallagher, 2001, 23). In addition, the military leaders of the South were far more resourceful than their North opponents: â€Å"Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. (â€Å"Stonewall†) Jackson were more skillful military leaders than those the Union initially brought forward† (Boyer, 2001, 130). The last and the most important thing that could have made the South invincible, if not for several crucial mistakes and the numerous disadvantages, was the location of the battles. It is quite important that the fights which the Confederates led were located mostly in their native lands, which meant that the South had to fight in their homeland. Since the given advantage allowed to locate the troops in the most successful way and make use of the fact that the North army could not choose the proper tactics in a completely unknown location, the given factor is of crucial importance – in fact, it could have even changed the results of the war, had the Confederates taken advantage of their sudden luck. However, once the South did not make use of its profitable position, the chance was lost. Still, there were considerable problems in numerous aspects with the South and its political, economical and social factors. The first and the foremost, the South had less population, which meant that the quality of their fighting skills had to level the gap in quantity. In addition, the Union and its forces blocked all the ports in the South, which meant that the latter could not obtain any outside help or even continue the trading relationships.Advertising Looking fo r essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the industry in the South was underdeveloped and the war funds were not provided in the required amount. Finally, the Confederate states made too large an area to defend its every corner, which the Union knew and made efficient use of (Donovan Griess, 2002, 92). As for the North, its obvious advantages practically predetermined the outcomes of the war. As Gallagher (2001) said, â€Å"The North entered the war with seemingly decisive advantages in almost every measurable category† (22). In addition, as Gallagher (2001) explained, â€Å"The North far outstripped the Confederacy in almost every economic category.† However, when dealing with the North advantages, the industry must be mentioned first: â€Å"in 1860, there were 110,000 northern manufacturing establishments employing 1,300,000 workers.† Moreover, the North had its transportation sys tem up to the notch – its mileage was about 220,000, while Confederacy had about 9,000 (Gallagher, 2001, 22). In addition, the manpower and the Navy forces were more than powerful in the North. To top it all, the North had Lincoln – and this man alone was worth the Navy and the army altogether. However, the Union also had its weak spots, and the notorious military leaders leaved much to be desired. At best they were harmless; at worst, they put the entire Union under a threat (Gallagher, 2001, 23). In addition, the Union had no African people recruited, while the South used their slaves as the key force. Hence, the North had everything to win the battle. Despite the few disadvantages concerning the lack of the number of soldiers and a more serious concern about the military leaders, who, apart from Lincoln, hardly satisfied the requirements and could not stand the comparison to their more adequate and competent South opponents, the North had the advantages which the So uth could not compete with. Though it cannot be assumed that the North knew they would win the war even before they actually started it, the South had very few chances to take the victory in this battle. Perhaps, these were not only the tangible factors that helped the Union take over the Confederates, but also the very idea that millions of Africans will be freed, and that slavery would soon become a distant memory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on North vs. South, 1861: Face to Face. Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Boyer, P. S. (2001). The Oxford companion to United States history. Oxford, UK: Oxfords University Press. Donovan, T. H., Griess, T. E. (2002). The American Civil War. New York, NY: Square One Publishers. Gallagher, G. W. (2001). The American Civil War: The War in the East 1861 – May  1963. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.

Moving to a New City Make this Change to Your LinkedIn Profile

Moving to a New City Make this Change to Your LinkedIn Profile More than 1Â  out of 10Â  people moved last year. Our economy is becoming more and more fluid, and the job market is changing with it. But if you know you want to move to Chicago next year, and are starting to hunt for jobs there, make sure to change your LinkedIn profile to reflect your desired job location, not your current home. Why?First of all, companies want local candidates. They don’t necessarily want to shell out to move anyone or make the effort to recruit people who are settled elsewhere. Even if you’d eventually need to negotiate moving expenses, change your location to be in the same area as your dream job. The rest can be accomplished and explained once you get the interview.Companies are also worried that they (and you) will take the time and energy and resources to relocate, and then you might not like your new city or your new job. Time, energy, and resources wasted. Given the risks, most companies start searching locally first before expanding their net.Recruiters might even search for possible candidates solely based on LinkedIn searches by zip code. You could be left out of the game before you even realize.If you want to make a career change that involves a move, start online! Make sure you can be found by the people who can help you make that happen.Use the Location Where You Want to Work on Your LinkedIn Profile

Cash Flows in Business Organisations Coursework

Cash Flows in Business Organisations - Coursework Example The concept of Net Profit and Net Cash Flow are not the same which often becomes a cause of concern for business owners. The difference in net income and cash flow arises because of the way income statements are prepared. Under the ‘accrual’ method of accounting, net income is calculated subtracting incurred expenses from earned revenues. Further, net revenues include credit sales (not involving immediate cash flows) and expenses include various provisions, deferred payments, depreciation, etc. that does not involve actual movement of cash during current period. In the statement of cash flow, all such accrual concepts are adjusted to net profit and only then operating cash flow is correctly arrived. For instance, consider the financial statements of UAL (shown in Appendix) where the company has incurred net loss of $723 million for the year ending 2012 but from the consolidated statement of cash flows we find that its Net Cash from Operations for the same fiscal was $935 million. This is because the company has charged higher ‘Depreciation & Amortisation’ for capital expenditure that does not involve actual outflow of cash. Thus, the books of account of company may show high/low net profits despite of having much less/high cash on hand. As per the requirements of IAS 7, operating activities involved in a business has to be reported using indirect or direct method. In the former method, profit/loss has to be adjusted after considering the effects of non-cash transactions like deprecation, accruals or deferrals of future or past operating activities. The later method classifies different operating items into gross cash payments and gross cash receipts. Information required for calculating these items are derived from books of account (adjusted sales, cost of sales, etc.). The basic layout of each method is depicted below, The ‘Net Cash from Operations’ in US Airways in 2011 was $472 million

Seminar Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seminar Question - Essay Example Simply put, if you promise that you will do something for another person and in return, that person agrees to pay you something, then you and that person have made a contract. A contract can be in verbal or written form but the most important thing is that there would be an agreement especially between two parties. Likewise, according to the labour laws of many countries, both the worker and the employee are bound by certain statutory regulations that would ensure that no party will breach the agreed contract. Indeed, when a person has decided to enter into an agreement with someone, both parties should have a common ground of understanding of the nature of the contract they would be agreeing upon so as to avoid conflict and misunderstanding in the future. Thus, the case involving Will Bearing can be attributed to as unfair dismissal or termination of contract as a result of foreseen circumstances that were meant to benefit the foreman but which he apparently refused to endorse as a driver. The foreman wanted Will Bearing to falsify a tachograph reading in the lorry which he was to drive but he refused which led to an altercation between the two leading to a fight. Unfortunately, the consequences led to Will’s dismissal without notice and he was denied any representation. Legally, he is entitled to be represented in such a situation under the terms of agreement in the contract. His dismissal is unfair as well as the allegations of subsequent discovery that Will had been pilfering with some of the loads which he carried. This could have been brought to his attention before his dismissal if that could have been the case. One thing that is disturbing and unfair in Will’s dismissal is that he has not been given the reason fo r instant termination of his contract and he stands better chances of winning his case in the court of law. In the event of a successful claim, Will stands better chances of being reinstated to his

Woody Contruction Company Essay Example for Free

Woody Contruction Company Essay The Custom Woodworking Company is a small-to-medium sized custom furniture and cabinet making company located in Someplace, British Columbia. It is represented by Ron Carpenter, CEO, his wife Emelia Carpenter, the president and their son John Carpenter, the director. The company is privately held with approximately 850 employees. Throughout the years, they quickly gained reputation for attractively designed and well-constructed furniture and built up a loyal staff and work force. Woody 2000 project started in 1989, as a result of a boom in the commercial construction activities and the intentions of the management. The production floor of The Custom Woodworking Company was to expand by 25% with an estimated budget of 17 million dollars. The timeframe for this would be approximately 18 months. This expansion would include an equipment installation of semi-automatic woodworking trains, which requires both software and hardware to operate the system. Introduction: A Project Manager is a person responsible for accomplishing project objectives. These objectives include initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing of the project. Project Management can be defined as being an art of controlling the cost, time, manpower, and hardware and software resources involved in a project. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge Guide (PMI 2008) define project management as â€Å"the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements†. Successful organizations have some sort of project some time or another throughout the lifetime of the project. The owners and contractors have different ideas of what they want done. In the construction world the common bond is to create a successful project with high quality, desired completion date and the actual costs While reading through the Woody 2000 Project there were a few things that I discovered that could have been done to maybe enhance the project. Scope is very important in the definition of project requirements at the start of the project and if a portion of this is missed it can cause unforeseen extra cost and variation of cost and the final product. Defining the project scope is to identify all the work in details that the project will accomplish in order to achieve its final goal. The work includes the activities in which the project members have identified will be necessary to support the project and all the other instances surrounding delivery of the project. There was a lack of planning. The expansion was based on a mini boom in the construction industry, but no one took the time to conduct a statistical plan as to whether or not the boom was going to last and for how long. It may have been defined to the key players, but not to the actual people that need to know. In my opinion the project was not carefully planned out. Vice President of Finance and Administration, Spencer Moneysworth did not have the project management skills that was needed for this project. The fact that he decided not to involve the production people was a mistake. He should have included all key players from every section whether they were at management level or not. Because of the short suspense, and he did not want to waste any unnecessary time, he immediately invited the Expert Industrial developers (EID) to get a quote. There were poor management, VP Moneysworth may be good at Finance and Administration, but he lacked the management skills to make this project successful. There was not an actual project manager, which was needed because of the estimated cost for the project was given a cash flow versus working out the necessary details that was required and breaking down every section that was to be expanded, materials, resources and supplies. Timelines and budget were set without considering any internal or external problems. The initial objective was to increase production efficiency and keep up with the current demands, but the expansion quickly turned into an expansion of the current facility to an upgrade in offices. The completion date of the project and the amount were somewhat unrealistic. The company did create a monthly cash flow chart for the project. Another issue is that there was not an evaluation process that states when there would be another meeting or to check on progress of the project. Communication management which is also a vital part of any project was a flaw in this project. Having good communication will determine the flow of information. Effective communication can lead to a successful project and should be frequent and relevant. Another reason they should have communicated is because after they realize the price and time of the project they should have relook their approach. In conclusion the biggest problem that I see with Woody’s 2000 project is the planning and communication phase. They did not effectively plan and implement what they wanted to do and there was no communication between department heads and contractors. If they had planned properly and involved the right personnel they would have been more successful.

First Gov Analysis :: essays research papers

FIRSTGOV.COM VERSUS CANADA.COM I compared the United States FirstGov.Com portal page with our neighbor Canada’s government portal page. I first looked at firstgov.com to get a feel for the United States government page. When you first open http://www.firstgov.gov/ you immediately notice that there is an abundance of information. There are four main tabs set up as the main crux of the web page and those are: For Citizens, For Businesses and Non Profit, For Federal Employees, and Government to Government. Right off the bat renewing a drivers license and passport application is what jumped out to me personally. These were under the, â€Å"Citizens Get It Done† heading. Also, under this heading were links that direct you to e-filing taxes, checking immigration status, governmental benefits, government job application procedures, changing your address, and even shopping at government auctions. At mid page on the For Citizens tab was a section entitled, information by topics. There are 14 main topics and when you click on one of them it sends you to another link that has numerous other topics that a user can click on for almost any kind of information you can imagine. For example: I clicked on Education and Jobs topic. Under the topic is brief information on what you can find such as employment, training, careers, labor, wages, workplace, online learning, schools, student and teacher resources...This led me to a page that has well over 70 links to other topics. A few examples here are : US Dept of Labor, US Dept of Education, College Search, Disability Information, Career Choices, Labor Relations, and many more subjects to look up. Each of these links takes you to other pages full of related information with more links to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What I found interesting also was you can read this web site in almost any language. I clicked on Spanish and the entire web page converted to Spanish. Also on the left hand side of the home page is a small index with links entitled: A-Z agency index, Federal Executive, Federal Legislature, Federal Judicial, Cross agency portals, state government, local government, and tribunal government. I chose to look at Federal Legislature and that takes to a page where you can find out information on the US Senate, US House of Representative, and agencies that support Congress. An abundance of information in all areas in the index.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When you go to Canada’s web site, http://www.

History of the Fbi and Women

OUTLINE FOR PARAGRAPH 1 When J. Edgar Hoover took over the Bureau in 1924, he inherited two female agents: Jessie B. Duckstein and Alaska P. Davidson, who both resigned within a few months as part of the Bureau’s reduction of force. In 1972, JoAnne Misko and Susan Malone were the first two women to enter the FBI Academy. In 1978, Special Agent Christine Karpoch (Jung) would become the first female firearms instructor—and she would shoot the coveted â€Å"possible,† a perfect score on the FBI’s Practical Pistol Range.In 1990, Special Agents Susan Sprengel and Helen Bachor were sent to London and Montevideo, Uruguay to serve as the FBI’s first female assistant legal attaches. In 2001, Special Agent Kathleen McChesney became the first woman to attain the rank of executive assistant director. Up until 1972 the FBI did not accept applications from women to become special agents. More than 2,600 women special agents currently serve and lead in all roles i n the FBI. The FBI originated from a force of special agents created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt.Martha Dixon Martinez was the first female agent in the field office to be certified as a SWAT team member. In the four decades since women have served as FBI agents, they’ve taken on one of the most difficult—yet vitally important—roles in the Bureau: going undercover. It was in 1972—40 years ago this year—that women were allowed to join the ranks of FBI agents, reversing a policy that had been in place since the 1920s. The first major expansion in Bureau jurisdiction came in June 1910 when the Mann (â€Å"White Slave†) Act was passed, making it a crime to transport women over state lines for immoral purpose.William J. Flynn, former head of the Secret Service, became Director of the Bureau of Investigation in July 1919 and was the first to use that title. From 2010 to 2012, the FBI di sciplined 1,045 employees for a variety of violations, according to the agency. Eighty-five were fired. June 29, 1908 Attorney General Bonaparte begins hiring special agent force. March 1909 Named Bureau of Investigation. April 30, 1912 Alexander Bruce Bielaski appointed Chief of the Bureau. They were pioneers, the first trio of women known to serve as Bureau special agents and among the first women in federal law enforcement.All three women did well in training at the New York office and, in general, performed up to standard. Alaska Davidson and Jessie Duckstein were assigned to the Bureau’s Washington field office. Both were dismissed when newly appointed Director J. Edgar Hoover dramatically cut the Bureau rolls in the spring of 1924 to clean house following the Teapot Dome scandals. Lenore Houston was hired after these initial cuts and served the longest of the three. She, too, was assigned to the Washington office. She was asked to resign in 1928.It would be nearly anoth er half century—May 1972– before social mores would change and women special agents would become a regular and vital part of the FBI. October 11, 1925 First special agent killed in line of duty. January 1, 1928 Instituted formal training program for new agents. March 14, 1950 â€Å"Ten Most Wanted Fugitives† program launched. May 8, 1972 New, modern FBI Academy training facility opened at Quantico, Virginia. October 10, 2001 Most Wanted Terrorists list created. OUTLINE FOR PARAGRAPH 2-4?Cassandra Chandler Cassandra Chandler is a graduate of Louisiana State University, where she received a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and English. She earned her Juris Doctorate from the Loyola University School of Law and became a member of the Louisiana State Bar. Prior to joining the FBI, Mrs. Chandler enjoyed a career as a television news anchorperson, reporter, and talk show host for a major network affiliate in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She also practiced law with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers in New Orleans, Louisiana. Mrs. Chandler began her investigative career as a Special Agent in 1985.She first served in the FBI’s New Orleans and Los Angeles Field Offices, where she investigated white-collar crimes, violent crimes, and civil rights violations. Mrs. Chandler has held numerous managerial positions throughout her career with the FBI, both in the field and at FBI Headquarters. In 1991 Mrs. Chandler was promoted to Supervisory Special Agent in the Legal Counsel Division at FBI Headquarters to support the defense of the Bureau and its personnel in civil litigation matters. She was later assigned as a manager in the Criminal Investigative Division, where she assisted with the creation of the FBI’s Health Care Fraud Program.Following a promotion to supervisor of white-collar crimes in the San Diego Field Office, Mrs. Chandler oversaw numerous joint agency operations, including one of the country’s first international health care fraud undercover operations. She also managed the El Centro Resident Agency, which investigated violent crimes, including cross border kidnappings, and environmental crimes. In 1997 she was promoted to Assistant Special Agent in Charge in the San Francisco Field Office where she oversaw the office’s White-Collar Crime Program, National Foreign Intelligence Program, and Terrorism Program.She also managed the division’s largest Resident Agency in Oakland, California. Her next promotion was to Section Chief in the Investigative Services Division, where she oversaw the FBI's Analytical Intelligence Program for Criminal and Domestic Terrorism. She then was appointed Assistant Director of the Training Division, where she was responsible for managing the FBI Academy and the FBI’s other training and career development programs. In 2002, Mrs. Chandler was appointed Assistant Director of the Office of Public Affairs.In that capacity she was responsible for managing all of the FBI’s public affairs operations and serving as the FBI’s National Spokesperson. In 2005 Mrs. Chandler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Norfolk Field Office. In that role, she is responsible for managing and leading all of the FBI’s investigations and operations in Norfolk, VA and the 17 surrounding counties. Charlene B. Thornton Charlene Thornton is a graduate of Marion College, Marion, Indiana, where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Political Science.She later received a Juris Doctorate degree from Indiana University’s School of Law, and a Master's from the University of San Diego’s School of Law. Prior to joining the FBI, she worked as an Intern in the Marion County Prosecutors office. Mrs. Thornton's first assignment with the FBI was to the Indianapolis Field Office, where she was responsible for investigating bank robberies and property crimes. Next, she transferred to the Los Angeles Field Office, where she investigated white-collar crime, counterterrorism, and drug matters. Mrs.Thornton has held numerous managerial positions throughout her career with the FBI, both in the field and at FBI Headquarters. She began her managerial career as a Supervisory Special Agent in the Legal Research Unit at Headquarters, and was later promoted to Chief of this unit. She then served as an Assistant Inspector in the Inspection Division, and as a Supervisor in the Baltimore Field Office and in the Southern Maryland Metropolitan Resident Agency. Her next promotion was to Assistant Special Agent in Charge of the Honolulu Division, where she oversaw the FBI’s extraterritorial investigations throughout Asia nd the Pacific. In 1997 Mrs. Thornton was promoted to Deputy General Counsel, where she oversaw the FBI's Legal Training, Legal Forfeiture, and Legal Advice programs. Next, she became an Inspector in the Inspection Division and in 1999 she was named Special Agent in Charge of the Birmingham Field Office, where she was responsible for managing all FBI operations and investigations in northern Alabama. In 2002 Mrs. Thornton became Special Agent in Charge of the Phoenix Field Office, where she was responsible for managing all FBI operations and investigations in the state of Arizona.In 2004, Mrs. Thornton was promoted to Assistant Director of the FBI’s Inspection Division. In that capacity she was responsible for managing all Inspection Division operations and providing independent, evaluative oversight of all FBI investigative and administrative operations. In August 2006, Mrs. Thornton was appointed Special Agent in Charge of our San Francisco field office, where she manages investigations and operations for the northern and central coast regions of California. Kimberly K.Mertz Kimberly Mertz is a graduate of Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska, where she earned a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and a Juris Doctorate degree. Ms. Mertz became an FBI Special Agent in 1989, and her first assignment was to the San Diego Field Office. She later served as the Supervisory Senior Resident Agent of the El Centro Resident Agency, San Diego Field Office. Ms. Mertz has held numerous managerial positions throughout her career with the FBI, both in the field and at FBI Headquarters. In 1999, Ms.Mertz was promoted to the Public Corruption Unit at FBI Headquarters, where she served as a Supervisory Special Agent. She was later promoted to Chief of the Public Corruption Unit. In 2001, Ms. Mertz was appointed Assistant Special Agent in Charge of the Honolulu Division. In 2003 Ms. Mertz became an Inspector in the Inspection Division, and in early 2005 she was designated as the Chief Inspector. In November 2005, Ms. Mertz was appointed to serve as the Special Agent in Charge of the New Haven Field Office. In that capacity she is responsible for managing all FBI operations and investigations in the state of Connecticut.

Article and lyrics comparison Essay

The songs â€Å"Have you Forgotten† by Darryl Worley, and â€Å"Where have all the flowers gone? † by Pete Seeger are two songs that both deliver strong messages regarding two different wars. â€Å"Have you Forgotten? † which is a song composed to convey emotions regarding the war in Iraq delivers messages that are meant to sway people to hate war. It describes the war and all its horrors by questioning if people have in fact forgotten what it is like to be in a war and so have become indifferent of the one that was currently being fought. â€Å"Where have all the flowers gone? † on the other hand, which is written during the period of the Vietnam war is another song written as a series of progressive questions terminating in the sad reality that the war in Vietnam had caused so many deaths. While the song does not in any way specify whose death had been more deserved or valued in the Vietnam War, it proceeds to question these deaths in an attempt to question the war itself. In an article, John Pareles describes that, â€Å"Songs that touched on the war in 2006 were suffused with the mournful and resentful knowledge† (2010) This is quite obvious in the song by Worley, for instance, in the lines from the chorus, â€Å"Have you forgotten, how it felt that day? / To see your homeland under fire/†¦And you say we shouldn’t worry bout Bin Laden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (7-8, 12) the song seems to be didactic and even moralizing in its approach and its perception of how people perceived the war. These lines, in relation to what Pareles describes, are in fact resentful in that they express how people are indifferent about this particular war. In addition, Pareles (2010) also states that, â€Å"Immediate responses to 9/11 and to the invasion of Iraq arrived along familiar lines. There was anger and saber-rattling at first†. This expresses how the emotions had died down when the war had began to drone on. There was only the desired response initially which eventually died down. Hence, Morley’s song very accurately describes this indifference by questioning America about its stand on the war and how America can seemingly be uncaring of what was going on. So, in the last few lines of the song, one finds, â€Å"Have you forgotten / About our Pentagon / All the loved ones that we lost / And those left to carry on† (27-30) as the song shifts from being fierily questioning of the objectives for and reactions to the war to being deeply emotional, appealing to the better judgment of the listeners as if pleading that everybody be more reactive because the war was not just any kind of war, but it was something that took away so much from those who were in it. Songs during the Vietnam War were equally as questioning, perhaps because that particular also had grey areas when it came to the goals and objectives of the battle. â€Å"In 1963 musicians began directly questioning the Vietnam War. † (Anderson) and so, in the song â€Å"Where have all the flowers gone? † by Seeger, this questioning tone is also employed. However, noticeably in the song, as it progresses, the repeated lines go from questioning where the flowers are to where the graves are; (1-40) looking at each of the stanzas, however, the more interesting recurring line is â€Å"When will they ever learn? † (7-8, 15-16, 23-24, 31-32, 39-40) which serves the same function as the ‘Have you forgotten’ theme of the earlier song. So, in effect, this song by Seeger not only questions but also admonishes the listeners, perhaps because, â€Å"†Their music stated traditional folk themes, ones which were being voiced in the current civil rights crusade: justice, peace, and brotherly love. † (Anderson) Looking at these two songs side by side one can easily conclude that while both were about different wars at different periods the main message delivered is don’t people ever get tired of wars albeit the painful and agonizing effects of these exercises? So, if war songs are to be evaluated according to these two songs which are separated by decades in between, the sentiment of people when it comes to war has not changed significantly which is probably due largely to the reality that nobody wants wars regardless of the reasons. So, while both of the songs question the audience or the listeners, the questions in both songs are meant to indirectly remind the listener of the horrors of war and to admonish and enjoin the listener to remain faithful to the precepts of peace, justice and love while actively protesting whatever justifications the government makes for conducting these bloody exercises. Works Cited Anderson, Terry. â€Å"American Popular Music and the War in Vietnam. † (): 51-65. Print. Pareles, John. â€Å"Pop Music and the War: The Sound of Resignation. † New York Times. N. p. , 2 Jan. 2007. Web. 15 July 2010. . Seeger, Pete. â€Å"Where Have all the Flowers Gone. † arlo. net. N. p. , 2003. Web. 15 July 2010. . Worley, Darryl. â€Å"Have you Forgotten?. † Lyrics007. N. p. , 2007. Web. 15 July 2010. .

Free Essays on Price & Promotion Analysis

In these modern times of technology many companies have to use different strategies to compete with online shopping. Hallmark is one of them. There are many people who send cards and gifts and flowers online. Hallmark themselves have a web site that you can purchase cards, gifts and flowers. But Hallmark must also support their franchised stores. So they have to come up with ways to bring the customers into the stores. They use print, television, direct mail and internet to do this. They started a couple of years ago, when along with other retail stores offering the â€Å"Hallmark Gold Crown Card†. This was a courtesy card to their customers and it could be used in any Gold Crown Hallmark store in the United States. This gave the customer points for cards they purchased and dollar amount spent. Then every three months they send you dollar amount coupons in the mail to use in the store on any Hallmark product. You also get a $5.00 coupon for your birthday. If you make suggestions and Hallmark likes the idea they will send you a $20 coupon. Everyone loves getting mail that has coupons attached and can be used for money. So when a Gold Crown Card holder sees a Hallmark mailing they know they are getting something good inside. The card has increased the customer traffic but they needed another way to draw more. So they started offering promotions at different times during the year. They usually coincided with the current holiday. Right now the current promotional items are for two types of bunnies for the Easter holiday. Valentine’s Day there was a heart shaped box with three scented candles in them. At Christmas there were holiday plates and Christmas books for the children. The promotional items are appealing to the customers. Other promotional items might be: card holders, stationary items, potpourri, candle holders or even puzzles or games. They can be given as gifts or kept for oneself. A Hall... Free Essays on Price & Promotion Analysis Free Essays on Price & Promotion Analysis In these modern times of technology many companies have to use different strategies to compete with online shopping. Hallmark is one of them. There are many people who send cards and gifts and flowers online. Hallmark themselves have a web site that you can purchase cards, gifts and flowers. But Hallmark must also support their franchised stores. So they have to come up with ways to bring the customers into the stores. They use print, television, direct mail and internet to do this. They started a couple of years ago, when along with other retail stores offering the â€Å"Hallmark Gold Crown Card†. This was a courtesy card to their customers and it could be used in any Gold Crown Hallmark store in the United States. This gave the customer points for cards they purchased and dollar amount spent. Then every three months they send you dollar amount coupons in the mail to use in the store on any Hallmark product. You also get a $5.00 coupon for your birthday. If you make suggestions and Hallmark likes the idea they will send you a $20 coupon. Everyone loves getting mail that has coupons attached and can be used for money. So when a Gold Crown Card holder sees a Hallmark mailing they know they are getting something good inside. The card has increased the customer traffic but they needed another way to draw more. So they started offering promotions at different times during the year. They usually coincided with the current holiday. Right now the current promotional items are for two types of bunnies for the Easter holiday. Valentine’s Day there was a heart shaped box with three scented candles in them. At Christmas there were holiday plates and Christmas books for the children. The promotional items are appealing to the customers. Other promotional items might be: card holders, stationary items, potpourri, candle holders or even puzzles or games. They can be given as gifts or kept for oneself. A Hall...

Origins of the Vietnam War From 1945â€1954

Origins of the Vietnam War From 1945–1954 The causes of the Vietnam War trace their roots back to the end of World War II. A French colony, Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) had been occupied by the Japanese during the war. In 1941, a Vietnamese nationalist movement, the Viet Minh, was formed by Ho Chi Minh to resist the occupiers. A communist, Ho Chi Minh waged a guerrilla war against the Japanese with the support of the United States. Near the end of the war, the Japanese began to promote Vietnamese nationalism and ultimately granted the country nominal independence. On August 14, 1945, Ho Chi Minh launched the August Revolution, which effectively saw the Viet Minh take control of the country. The French Return Following the Japanese defeat, the Allied Powers decided that the region should remain under French control. As France lacked the troops to retake the area, Nationalist Chinese forces occupied the north while the British landed in the south. Disarming the Japanese, the British used the surrendered weapons to rearm French forces that had been interned during the war. Under pressure from the Soviet Union, Ho Chi Minh sought to negotiate with the French, who desired to retake possession of their colony. Their entrance into Vietnam was only permitted by the Viet Minh after assurances had been given that the country would gain independence as part of the French Union. First Indochina War Discussions soon broke down between the two parties and in December 1946, the French shelled the city of Haiphong and forcibly reentered the capital, Hanoi. These actions began a conflict between the French and the Viet Minh, known as the First Indochina War. Fought mainly in North Vietnam, this conflict began as a low level, rural guerrilla war, as Viet Minh forces conducted hit and run attacks on the French. In 1949, fighting escalated as Chinese communist forces reached the northern border of Vietnam and opened a pipeline of military supplies to the Viet Minh.   French paratroopers taking part in Operation Castor, a parachute drop on Dien Bien Phu in the Thai district during the Indo-China war. Hulton Archive/Stringer/Getty Images  Ã‚   Increasingly well-equipped, the Viet Minh began more direct engagement against the enemy and the conflict ended when the French were decisively defeated at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The war was ultimately settled by the Geneva Accords of 1954, which temporarily partitioned the country at the 17th parallel, with the Viet Minh in control of the north and a non-communist state to be formed in the south under Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem. This division was to last until 1956, when national elections would be held to decide the future of the nation. The Politics of American Involvement Initially, the United States had little interest in Vietnam and Southeast Asia, however, as it became clear that the post-World War II world would be dominated by the US and its allies and the Soviet Union and theirs, isolating communist movements took an increased importance. These concerns were ultimately formed into the doctrine of containment and domino theory. First spelled out 1947, containment identified that the goal of Communism was to spread to capitalist states and that the only way to stop it was to â€Å"contain† it within its present borders. Springing from containment was the concept of domino theory, which stated that if one state in a region were to fall to Communism, then the surrounding states would inevitably fall as well. These concepts were to dominate and guide US foreign policy for much of the Cold War. In 1950, to combat the spread of Communism, the United States began supplying the French military in Vietnam with advisors and funding its efforts against the â€Å"red† Viet Minh. This aid nearly extended to direct intervention in 1954, when the use of American forces to relieve Dien Bien Phu was discussed at length. Indirect efforts continued in 1956, when advisors were provided to train the army of the new Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) with the goal of creating a force capable of resisting Communist aggression. Despite their best efforts, the quality of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was to remain consistently poor throughout its existence. The Diem Regime South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem (1901 - 1963) watching an agricultural show just minutes after an assassination attempt had been made on his life. Keystone/Stringer/Getty Images  Ã‚   A year after the Geneva Accords, Prime Minister Diem commenced a â€Å"Denounce the Communists† campaign in the south. Throughout the summer of 1955, Communists and other opposition members were jailed and executed. In addition to attacking the communists, the Roman Catholic Diem assaulted Buddhist sects and organized crime, which further alienated the largely Buddhist Vietnamese people and eroded his support. In the course of his purges, it is estimated that Diem had up to 12,000 opponents executed and as many as 40,000 jailed.  To further cement his power, Diem rigged a referendum on the future of the country in October 1955 and declared the formation of the Republic of Vietnam, with its capital at Saigon. Despite this, the US actively supported the Diem regime as a buttress against Ho Chi Minh’s communist forces in the north. In 1957, a low-level guerrilla movement began to emerge in the south, conducted by Viet Minh units that had not returned north after the accords. Two years later, these groups successfully pressured Ho’s government into issuing a secret resolution calling for an armed struggle in the south. Military supplies began to flow into the south along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, and the following year the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (Viet Cong) was formed to carry out the fight. Failure and Deposing Diem The situation in South Vietnam continued to deteriorate, with corruption rife throughout the Diem government and the ARVN unable to effectively combat the Viet Cong. In 1961, the newly elected Kennedy Administration promised more aid and additional money, weapons, and supplies were sent with little effect. Discussions then began in Washington regarding the need to force a regime change in Saigon. This was accomplished on November 2, 1963, when the CIA aided a group of ARVN officers to overthrow and kill Diem. His death led to a  period of political instability that saw the rise and fall of a succession of military governments. To help deal with the post-coup chaos, Kennedy increased the number of US advisors in South Vietnam to 16,000. With Kennedys death later that same month, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson ascended to the presidency and reiterated the US commitment to fighting communism in the region.

Strategic Planning versus Strategic Incrementalism Essay

Strategic Planning versus Strategic Incrementalism - Essay Example 10 To what extent is it possible and desirable for the planning and incremental approaches to be integrated within individual organisations? 13 Reference 15 Bibliography 17 Part 1 Article 1 In the article â€Å"Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent† by Henry Mintzberg and James A. Waters has helped to distinguish between the two form of strategies which are said to be two ends of continuum in the real world strategies. The article points out the importance of strategy and how organisation forms strategies; the origin of the strategies has been investigated by exploring the relationship between intentions and plan and finally what actually organisation did. The article has distinguished deliberate strategies from the emergent strategies and plays a central them in the article. The paper helps to understand the complexity involved in the process of strategy formation by elaborating and refining the concepts of both the strategies. The article has helped to answer the part 2 of the assignment as it has explained the planned strategy through which effectives of the planned strategy approach can be assumed and further use to answer the relevant queries. Apart from the planned strategy and pure deliberate and emergent strategies, the article has also explained the other types of strategy which organisation might use and they are entrepreneurial strategy, ideological strategy, the umbrella strategy, the process strategy, the unconnected strategist, consensus strategy and imposed strategies. Article 2 The second article talks about the â€Å"Pitfall of Strategic Planning† which was stated by Henry Mintzberg and addressed the planning strategy to be obsessed with control both decision and strategies for the present and future, for the managers and workers and for the customers and marketers. The article has contributed in analysing the major pitfalls of planned strategic approach in a way supporting the Incrementalism strategic approach. In the article ot her forms of way in creating strategy have also been discussed, one visionary and the other form being learning. But all the three processes should work for organisation to be effective. The article stated that the planed strategic approach is highly implementable especially when the conditions or the external environment are stable. The statement supports the query as to the type of environment in which the strategic planned approach works at its best so that organisation can evaluate all the external conditions before formulating strategies in a planner and systematic manner. Thus it can be said that pitfall in planning takes place when manger do not support planning and environmental factors are not conducive in the formation of effective strategy and vice versa. Therefore pitfall of strategic planning is an article stating that not always planned strategic leads to success. Article 3 The article, â€Å"Strategic Change: logical Incrementalism† talks about the incrementali sm approach in strategic formulation and believes that strategies should be incorporated after evaluating the current environment. The article has contributed to support the incremental approach and to compare and also contrast the incremental approach from the planned strategy formulation. It has been learnt that most of the effective strategies emerge from so called â€Å"strategic subsystem† each of which tends to attacks specific issue in much disciplined way. Various organisations have adopted the incremental strategic approach such as IBM, Xerox, General Motors and others. Thus this has also contributed in the third question of second part in proving example of real companies adopting

Women Suffrage Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women Suffrage - Thesis Example n the hands of their physically stronger counterparts and tend mostly the home and the hearth, not to say that they could even if they wanted ,for power in the barbaric ages was the privilege of the brute . Neither could the vanquished classes, whatever the gender, theoretically come anywhere near it till the age of democracy ushered in by the thinkers and the educated classes of this world came to blossom. And education and knowledge, once it began to infiltrate the recesses of the kitchens, brought with it a desire for self determination and empowerment. Though subservience of women to men is advocated by various religious texts, it is a sad fact that duties demanded in return are found fantastically wanting. On the other side, the premise that women are totally excluded from decision-making is also not true, acknowledged popularly in the phenomenon known as â€Å"pillow talk†. A notable example from a religious text is the case of the Pilate’s wife, a woman of better sense and judgment and goodness than her husband, advocating leniency for Jesus Christ who was under the sentence of crucifixion.[Mathew 12;34,KJV]. Similar instances abound in history, which perhaps if heeded to, would have made the world a vastly better place and perhaps saved it from many a catastrophe. â€Å"Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could†, said Abigail Adams Abigail Adams  Quotes . AbigailAdams  (1744-1818) By Jone Johnson Lewis, About.com Guide Interesting and amusing sallies for and against the cause were presented in the â€Å"Woman’s Wrongs† and the Woman’s Rights by Rev. John Todd [Todd] and the â€Å"Woman’s Wrongs† by Mary Dodge [Dodge] . Early in the 18th century, the ideas promoted by Mary Astell , English philosopher in her epic letter Serious Proposal to Ladies, 1697,was one of the pioneers who led the charge saying [founded on Descartes theory of dualism which advocated that mind is not

Pregnant Mothers and Babies Deserve a Better Deal Essay

Pregnant Mothers and Babies Deserve a Better Deal - Essay Example The theme of his writings indicates his passion for â€Å"humanised birth.† A child has the right to be born through right procedures and the woman has the right to give birth to a child in the normal course, wherein their human values and individual freedoms are protected. Medical fraternity has no business to adopt unethical practices cultivated on the fear psychology of pregnant women. Dr. Wagner makes a perfect case how and why a broken maternity system must be fixed to put women and children first, for it is an all-comprehending sociological problem which has important bearing on the overall welfare of the society. He is forthright to say that a patient need not and should not accept the doctor’s versions and decisions as truth-based in all circumstances, and doctors lie to the patients to serve their vested interests. Their disposition is like businessmen in any other category. They have a hidden agenda that serves their personal economic interests and that of the hospital of which they are the part. Detailing some of the pitfalls in the procedures adopted by obstetricians, Dr. Wagner writes, â€Å"Having the bag of water break before labour begins means that the baby and the womb are no longer protected from germs and infection.†(93)Wagner, citing many studies and real-life examples, concludes that natural births are healthier for women and babie s and it is an important psychological asset the mothers will carry proudly throughout their life. Delivering a baby is one of the most profound experiences, and the mother must own the right to make the informed choices of one’s life instead of making abject surrender to the doctor at the hospital. No options should be imposed on the pregnant mother and her choices should not be fear-based.

Black Colour And Black Consciousness History Essay

Black Colour And Black Consciousness History Essay Slavery, Henry Clay proclaimed in 1816, forms an exception to the general liberty prevailing in the United States. Based on the firm belief that blacks were innately inferior to whites and unsuited for life in any condition other than slavery, slavery was argued by many as essential to human progress. Despite this, many white southerners hypocritically declared themselves to be the true heirs of the American Revolution; inspired by the same spirit of freedom and independence that motivated the fathering generations. The proslavery writers began to manipulate the words of the founding documents to change the peoples perception of freedom: the language of the Declaration of Independence that all men were created equal and entitled to liberty was the most false and dangerous of all political errors, insisted the pro-slavery minister John C. Calhoun. Slaves never abandoned their desire for freedom or their determination to resist subordination to the whites. The creation of an independent culture centred on the family and church created strength in morality and values which could pass from generation to generation fundamentally at odds with those of their masters. Historians have documented rebellions and revolts by slaves; however these are rare and have led some historians to question the extent and nature of slave resistance. I believe that the more subtle forms of resistance that may have been overlooked by historians still stand as rebellions, or silent sabotage, such as purposeful negligence in manual work, obstruction, ignorance, illness, and the destruction of property. In the narrative of Linda Brent, a North Carolina slave, we find an interesting account of how the refusal of women slaves to submit to sexual advances of the slaveholder can be seen as resistance to slavery.[1] However other historians such as George Fred rickson and Christopher Lasch have claimed that such acts should not qualify as acts of resistance; they believe resistance should constitute acts that involved the planning of actual or potential violence. These would have included committing crimes such as arson, poisoning and armed assaults against individual whites. Even small instances of violent resistance were sometimes effective; an Arkansas overseer decided to make an example of a slave woman named Lucy to show the slaves that he was impartial. Lucy, however, was not to be made an example of. According to her son, she jumped on him and like to tore him up. Word got around that Lucy would not be beaten; she was sold by her master soon after, but she was never whipped again.[2] Considerably more crippling to the stability of the slave system was running away, despite the trying and potentially fatal obstacles in their vulnerable escape methods. As Solomon Northup recalled, Every white mans hand is raised against him, the patrollers are watching for him, the hounds are ready to follow in his track.[3] In Frederick Douglasss slave memoir, The Life of Frederick Douglass, he tells us of the plan formulated by him and a group of slaves to escape via canoe to escape to the north. Slaves generally had little or no knowledge of geography but many understood that the North Star led to freedom: Douglass himself planned to follow the guidance of the north star till we got beyond the limits of Maryland. Douglass knew the dangers of becoming a fugitive, but firmly wrote in his memoir For my part, I should prefer death to hopeless bondage. Aged twenty at the time of his escape, there was a general trend of the majority of fugitives being young men. Most slave women were unwilling to leave children and taking them along proved arduous and almost impossible to survive. Some freed slaves also engaged in achieving freedom for others, a highly complex and dangerous undertaking. Enslaved blacks and their white sympathizers planned secret flight strategies and escape routes for runaways to make their way to freedom. Although it was neither subterranean nor a mechanized means of travel, this network of routes and hiding places was known as the underground railroad. Some free blacks were active conductors on the underground railroad while others simply harboured runaways in their homes. No one knows the exact number of slaves that succeeded in reaching the North the most common rough estimate is about 1,000 per year. Most of those who succeeded lived in the Upper South, like Douglass, who went on to publish his brilliant memoir which inspired the huge abolitionist movement. Harriet Tubman escaped to Philadelphia in 1849 and spent ten years risking her life by making some twenty or so trips back to her place of enslavement to lead relatives and other slaves to freedom. Probably one of the most famous instances of slave resistance was the case of the seizing of the Amistad, a slave ship transporting 53 slaves from one port in Cuba to another. The slaves succeeded in gaining control of the ship, and attempted to force the navigator to steer it to Africa. A slave by the name of The Amistad worked its way up the Atlantic coast till it was seized by an American vessel off the coast of Long Island. While the President Martin Van Buren wished to return the slaves to Cuba, abolitionists brought their case to the Supreme Court, where former president John Quincy Adams argued that since they had been recently brought from Africa in violation of international treaties banning the slave trade, the captives should be freed.[4] The court accepted Adams reasoning and most of the captives made their way back to Africa; a huge triumph for the commandeering slaves. This may well have inspired a similar uprising that occurred in 1841 when 135 slaves seized control of the ship they were being carried on, and to the dismay of the administration back home were given refuge by the British. One of the largest scale rebellions was the revolt led by Nat Turner in 1831. Nat Turner was a slave preacher who believed he was chosen by God to lead an uprising. By the time militia could stop the rebellion it had become eighty slaves strong and had killed some sixty whites in neighbouring farms. Turner was subsequently captured and condemned to die; on being asked before his death whether he felt any remorse, he replied was not Christ crucified? Despite Nat Turners rebellion being one of the most significant rebellions in southern history, it proved largely ineffective. Instead of moving the south towards emancipation, the Virginia legislature of 1832 increased in severity the laws which bonded slaves. New laws prohibited all blacks, free or enslaved, from acting as preachers; blacks could not own firearms; and it was illegal to teach a slave to read. Free blacks in the antebellum period the years from the formation of the Union until the Civil War were quite outspoken about the injustice of slavery. Their ability to express themselves, however, was determined by whether they lived in the North or the South. Free Southern blacks continued to live under the shadow of slavery, unable to travel or assemble as freely as those in the North; this made it almost impossible for them to organize and sustain churches, schools, or fraternal orders such as the Masons. Although their lives were circumscribed by numerous discriminatory laws even in the colonial period, freed African Americans, especially in the North, were active participants in American society. Black men enlisted as soldiers and fought in the American Revolution and the War of 1812. Some owned land, homes, businesses, and paid taxes. In some Northern cities, for brief periods of time, black property owners voted. A very small number of free blacks owned slaves, and usually these were members of their own family that they had bought off slaveholders to later emancipate. A few free blacks also owned slave holding plantations in Louisiana, Virginia, and South Carolina. Free African American Christians founded their own churches which became the hub of the economic, social, and intellectual lives of blacks in many areas of the fledgling nation. Blacks were also outspoken in print. Freedoms Journal, the first black-owned newspaper, appeared in 1827. This paper and other early writings by blacks fuelled the attack against slavery and racist conceptions about the intellectual inferiority of African Americans. Free people of colour like Richard Allen, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, David Walker, and Prince Hall earned national reputations for themselves by writing, speaking, organizing, and agitating on behalf of their enslaved compatriots. For Frederick Douglass, the most beneficial step for him to the road to freedom was learning to read and recognizing his enslavement was morally wrong. For him, resistance came in the form of giving speeches and writing books about slavery and his experiences, rousing tumultuous crowds and touching the hearts of many. Throughout his Narrative, literacy, education and reason are deemed crucial tools in the fight for emancipation. After reading speeches on behalf of Catholic emancipation in The Columbian Orator Douglass explained that they gave tongue to interesting thoughts of (his) own soul, which had frequently flashed through (his) mind, and died away for want of utterance.[5] Douglass noted that slaveholders were right in forbidding their slaves from learning to read because literacy and therefore access to enlightenment would undermine the system by strengthening slaves recognition of their own humanity and desire to be free. Henry Bibb was born a slave in Kentucky in 1815. He recounts his sufferings, escapes, recaptures, and unsuccessful attempts to free his family. Bibb lectured for the Liberty party in Ohio and Michigan during the 1840s and fled to Canada after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, as did thousands of other fugitives living in the North. His narrative includes many illustrations, including the depiction of the celebration of the Sabbath among the slaves and a slave sale. In the text Bibb mentions that slaves were not allowed books, pen, ink, nor paper, to improve their minds. He stated that such circumstances gave him a longing desire . . . a fire of liberty within my breast which has never yet been quenched. Bibb believed that he too had a right to liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In Black Culture and Black Consciousness, historian Lawrence Levine summarizes the important role that slave resistance legends played in the black community: For an understanding of the post-slave generations, the history of slave resistance is less important than the legends concerning it, though the two by no means contradict each other. Looking back upon the past, ex slaves and their descendants painted a picture not of a cowed and timorous black mass but of a people who, however circumscribed by misfortune and oppression, were never without their means of resistance and never lacked the inner resources to oppose the master class, however extreme the price they had to pay.[6] These legacies of resistance, which led to the final emancipation after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, marked the generations of change that followed the slave period and have continued to build on the past right up until today. Bibliography Howard McGary and Bill E. Lawson, Between Slavery and Freedom: Philosophy and American Slavery, Indiana University Press 1992 John Hope Franklin, The Free Negro in North Carolina 1790-1860, Norton Library 1971 Ulrich B. Phillips, American Negro Slavery, Louisiana State University Press 1966 Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History, Norton Company 2009 Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, Norton Company, New York, 1975 Deborah Gray White, Arnt I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South, Norton Company 1995 Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Penguin Classics 1982 Lawrence Levine, Black Colour and Black Consciousness, New York 1977 K.Sue Jewell, From Mammy to Miss America and Beyond: Cultural Images and the Shaping of U.S Social Policy London, Routledge 1993

Definition Essay -- essays papers

Definition Essay The origin of the word myth seems to be a myth in itself. Myths have generally originated from a Greek history that used an oral tradition to explain events that occurred before the written word. Often supernatural beings or fictitious characters were used to explain popular ideas concerning phenomena's of nature or the history of people. The myths that were carried on from generation to generation were often very imaginative in an attempt to spark the interest of young listeners. These would be told at social gatherings. The main purpose of a myth was to relay historical information among groups. Early myths often dealt with the origin of man, customs, religious rights, incidents involving the lives of gods, stories of culture heroes, adaptations of old world myths, or the retelling of biblical stories. From the Webster’s dictionary the real meaning of the word myth is, â€Å"a story or legend† that was created as oral traditions that were told from generation to generation. Often as individuals told the stories, they were changed slightly in context or meaning. One cannot be certain, however, that historically based myths are not historically correct. Exaggeration due to personal vendetta was often the cause for discrepancies of factual or not factual information included in dialect from a mythical standpoint. An instance where this fact was the case is seen in the Old Testament. Even, the Old Testament can be looked upon as being mythical. From a religious perception, the Old Testament may be viewed as the history of Judaism and believed to be completely factual and true, but from a mythical standpoint that selection may be fictitious in context. Mythology suggests that due to the fact that events w... ...ide to them. The mythical side is present because a culture or society does not want to believe the facts that are known in an attempt to give reassurance to ones inner self. A modern example of a myth is the belief that one cannot achieve a pregnancy upon the primal intercourse experience. Research has proven that this is not true, but many believe or are told that this is the case. These types of myths are used today to create reassurance for those believing them. The word myth has been defined by scientific evidence throughout history. As scientific evidence has become clearer, early myths have become less clear to the present day human being. Even though early myths are becoming obsolete, they are still being studied to teach all aspects of life and culture past and present. Also, modern myths are being studied just as well to teach the aspects of the world today.

Elderly Client Project

Elderly Client Project Winston Salem State University Nursing 3303 October 17, 2012 Elderly Client Project Mrs. F. Nowell is a ninety-four year old mother, grandmother and great grandmother living in a skilled nursing facility. She has several co-morbidities which are managed medically and chemically within a detailed nursing care plan. She is diagnosed with type II diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, pedal neuropathy, and arthritis.Within this paper we will explore her age related changes, concept of health and wellness, one chronic disease, diabetes, along with the care and health maintenance associated with this chronic illness, compare and contrast medical/nursing care with current research, health promotion, safety and any special concerns, current resources used and community resources not used, and the clients perspective of her own quality of life. Age Related ChangesWe begin with age related changes which everyone can see externally, however it’s in part, the individual’s concept of these changes that occur over the life span that help define the person’s health. American’s are living longer and Mrs. Nowell is a prime example of this fact at age ninety-four along with her sister-in-law in the same nursing facility at age one hundred and four. Americans over the age of 65 now comprise almost 13 percent of the United States’ population. Mrs. Nowell notes a definite change in her physical body and abilities.However, though now faced with physical mobility limitations, she admits a life satisfaction and is living a happy and productive life. Common age-related changes she’s experiencing are visual acuity or presbyopia for which she wears glasses to assist in ready, very slight hearing impairment or presbycusis, along with hypertension, coronary artery disease and arthritis. Though Mrs. Nowell does have diabetes, she doesn’t associate this chronic disease with normal aging. She stated â€Å"Iâ⠂¬â„¢ve been a diabetic as long as I can remember. Obvious integumentary changes are seen, yet no deep, well defined wrinkles, having not been a smoker, and wore hats to protect her face from sun exposure. Mrs. Nowell does appear to have a slight bit of memory loss because when asked how old her husband was when he died she was unable to recall. However, when asked about her childhood and where she grew up, she recounted very vivid memories. This is typical of the aging adult. The speed with which information is processed, stored, and received is decreased; older memories tend to be intact with new memories being recalled less frequently.What is important to remember about the aging population is while they are experiencing moderate physical limitations, they learn to live with them and lead happy and productive lives, as is Mrs. Nowell. Concept of Health and Wellness Mrs. Nowell’s concept of health and wellness is definitely one of her own perspective. She equates herself to being healthy for a ninety-four year old lady. At ninety-four Mrs. Nowell is mentally healthy with little to no signs of dementia. And because she â€Å"has her mind,† she does not see her physical limitations as making her unhealthy.She envisions wellness and her state of well-being as optimal because with the use of her motorized wheelchair she can come and go as she pleases within the confines of the skilled nursing facility in which she lives, as well as, out in the community. She feels she’s definitely one of the healthiest ninety-four year olds she knows because each day she dresses well, though with assistance, puts on her lipstick and matching jewelry. She states when she looks good, she feels good. Chronic Disease and Care to Improve/Maintain Health Though Mrs. Nowell has several co-morbidities, this paper will focus on her type II diabetes.Diabetes Mellitus is associated with many related health factors of which Mrs. Nowell currently precipitates. She does h ave some visual impairment which is linked with aging, as well as diabetes. She also manifests pedal neuropathy of which she admits to taking Neurontin to alleviate the nerve discomfort and tingling. She lives in a skilled nursing facility where her blood sugar is checked before meals and at bedtime. She is treated with Novalog Insulin in the morning and evening which keeps her blood sugars at a normal range between 80 and 100, and below 150. They ncourage healthy meals and eating, though Mrs. Nowell admits to having family bring in snacks to her liking which are not always on the American Diabetic Association (ADA) food options. The nursing facility also goes to great lengths to ensure meticulous foot care is provided to all diabetics. They inspect their feet when assisting in dressing and showering, as well as, have podiatry perform toenail clipping. Mrs. Nowell does not see her diabetes as a disease, but rather a lifestyle and way of living. Compare and Contrast Medical/Nursing C are and Current Research As previously mentioned Mrs.Nowell’s diabetes is treated with insulin and given a diet per recommendations of the ADA. The nurses perform regular blood sugar checks before each meal and at bedtime, following a regimented nursing care plan to keep her blood sugar below 150. However recent guideline updates recommend that primary care physicians do not push the patients to obtain a standard targeted blood sugar level. The facility nurses also provide education on healthy snacks and exercise programs available to their residents. Because obesity is a major concern and noted problem among the diabetic community daily exercise is recommended for the diabetic patient.However given Mrs. Nowell’s physical limitations daily exercise is minimal at best. Researchers are now giving acceptance to bariatric surgery among diabetics faced with morbid obesity, which has shown rapid blood sugar levels and decreased pharmacological intervention needs. However giv en Mrs. Nowell’s advanced age, she is not a bariatric candidate. Current medical care of Mrs. Nowell includes keeping her hemoglobin A1c below 7% per her primary care doctor and nursing supervision. Yet it is evidenced that the aging adult is more vulnerable to hypoglycemia, and combined with Mrs.Nowell’s cardiovascular disease, recommendations are pointing to an A1c below 8%. The Mayo Clinic also has an online tool developed for diabetics which includes low blood-sugar risks, weight changes, blood sugar testing requirements and costs which help the physician and patient weigh the risks and benefits of diabetic medication therapies. Health Promotion, Safety and Special Concerns Mrs. Nowell’s promotional health needs are met through nursing care provided and maintaining an optimal sense of wellness. Mrs. Nowell’s immunizations are up to date including her flu and pneumonia vaccinations.She receives assistance with activities of daily living (ADL’s) to maintain meticulous skin care and foot inspection to reduce risks of diabetic ulcers. Her diet remains well balanced per the ADA guidelines for optimal nutrition, to further reduce risks of pressure ulcers, which would be of concern with her mobility limitations. She also suffers from incontinence, yet admits to receiving quick response to toileting needs and perineal care. The floors are kept clutter free with no rugs or sliding floormats. The bathrooms are equipped with handrails and emergency call bell pull cords.Showers are large and can be accessed with a wheelchair and have showering chairs for those with mobility limitations such as Mrs. Nowell. Daily use items such as her toothbrush, hairbrush and makeup are kept within easy reach to decrease risk for falls. Mrs. Nowell voiced no special concerns or needs that weren’t being met to her expectations. Current Resources Used and Community Resources Not Used Mrs. Nowells uses the assistance of the occupational therapist that works with the clients of her nursing facility to maintain optimal health and wellness.She has been trained to use a reaching device or â€Å"reacher† which clasps items out of safe reaching range or items she may have dropped and desires to retrieve reducing her risk of falls. Mrs. Nowell takes great pleasure in participating in the community offerings that come to the nursing facility for senior involvement opportunities, such as church groups, entertainment companies, and many local businesses, including restaurants that offer samplings of new menu items. She has participated in numerous provided educational classes and socialization activities for the residents.She also uses the facilities transportation system for group outings and community access. Mrs. Nowell stated they do have a hair dresser that provides services twice a week, however she prefers her daughter, who visits daily, to assist her with her hair care needs. She further does not use their common dinin g area choosing to have her meals in her room or with family when they visit. Yet does frequent the common area for bingo and karaoke for socialization and enjoyed participation. Quality of Life, the Client Perspective Mrs. Nowell considers her quality of life optimal. She finds herself healthy.As with Maslow’s Hierarchy, having her basic needs met, Mrs. Nowell presents with a high self-esteem and self-actualization. She is living a healthy and productive life, exhibiting an exuberant personality. She is still a good mother, grandmother and great grandmother able to enjoy family and friends, while appreciating her life and memories. Conclusion In summary Mrs. Nowell is a wonderful example of an aging population that is well adjusted and reached the highest plateau of hierarchy. As a nurse caring for the elderly, we must be better prepared to assist the aging population to this optimal level of health and wellness.We can achieve this through continued research and provision of age appropriate care. Living happy and productive lives within the elderly population, and given their limitations, be it physical or mental, should be the goal of all nursing. References Anderson, B. , de Chesnay, M. (2012). Caring for the vulnerable: perspectives in nursing theory, practice, and research. (3rd ed. ). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Jett, K. , Touhy, T. (2010). Gerontological nursing & healthy aging. (3rd ed. ). Saint Louis, MS: Mosby Elsevier. Khardori, R. (2012, October 8). Medscape references.Retrieved October 14, 2012, from Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment & management: http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/117853-treatment Resources For Seniors, Incorporated, (n. d. ), Retrieved October 6, 2012, from: http://www. resourcesforseniors. com Seniors Health, (n. d. ), Retrieved October 14, 2012, from: http://medical-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Seniors’+Health Winslow, R. (2012, July 9). The wall street journal. Retrieved October 14, 20 12, from New strategies for treating diabetes: http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052702303292204577517041076204350. html