Effect on the Economy free essay sample

Francis Mr. Joseph English 12 26 November 2012 War: Effect on Economy War has impacted monetary history significantly across existence. Champs of wars have formed financial organizations and exchange designs. Wars have impacted mechanical turns of events. Most importantly, repeating war has depleted riches, disturbed markets, and discouraged conservative development. Wars are costly (in cash and different assets), damaging (of capital and human capital), and problematic (of exchange, asset accessibility, work the executives). Enormous wars make up serious stuns to the economies of taking an interest nations. In spite of some positive parts of transient incitement and long haul demolition and remaking, war for the most part obstructs financial turn of events and sabotages riches. A few explicit financial impacts of war repeat across authentic periods and areas. Next swelling, the most reliable transient financial impact of war is to push up costs, and thus to lessen expectations for everyday comforts. This war-incited expansion was depicted in antiquated China by the specialist Sun Tzu: Where the military is, costs are high; when costs raise the abundance of the individuals is depleted (Tzu Sun, c. 00 BCE) His recommendation was to keep wars short and have the cash close by before gathering a military. Paying for wars is a focal issue for states (see War Finance). This was particularly obvious in early present day Europe (fifteenth to eighteenth hundreds of years), when war depended intensely on soldier of fortune powers. The lord of Spain was prompted that taking up arms required three things cash, cash, and more cash. Spain and Portugal imported silver and gold from America to pay for armed forces, yet in such huge amounts that the estimation of these metals in the end disintegrated. One way governments pay for war is to raise charges (which thusly lessens regular citizen spending and speculation). U. S. progressive Thomas Paine cautioned in 1787 that war has however one thing certain, and that is to increment charges. Another approach to pay for war is to get cash, which expands government obligation, yet war-related obligations can drive states into insolvency as they did to Spain in 1557 and 1596. A third method to finance war is to print more cash, which fills expansion. Expansion in this manner frequently goes about as a circuitous hatchet on a national economy to fund war. Modern fighting, and particularly the two World Wars, made inflationary weights across huge economies. Progressively, governments assembled whole social orders for war recruiting work, offering up costs in business sectors for characteristic assets and mechanical merchandise, and occupying capital and innovation from regular citizen to military applications. World War I caused ruinous exp ansion as members parted from the best quality level and gave cash openly. Swelling additionally went with the U. S. Common War, World War II, and the Vietnam War, among others. War-initiated swelling, albeit most grounded in combat areas, stretches out to removed belligerents, for example, the United States in the World Wars, and, in significant wars, even to unbiased nations, inferable from exchange interruption and shortages. Present-day wars keep on energizing expansion and drive monetary forms towards uselessness. In Angolas common war (1975-2002), for instance, the administration money turned out to be futile to the point that an option hard cash jugs of brew came to supplant it in numerous day by day exchanges. Notwithstanding emptying cash and assets out of members economies, most wars make zones of serious annihilation of capital, for example, ranches, production lines, and urban areas. These impacts seriously discourage financial yield. The starvation and plague that went with the Thirty Years War (1618-48) slaughtered as much as 33% of Germanys populace, as soldiers of fortune pillaged regular citizens and regular people became hired soldiers to attempt to endure. World War I diminished French creation by about half, kept hundreds from a huge number of Germans to death, and prompted over a time of lower Soviet yield. One gauge put World War Is all out expense at $400 billion five times the benefit of everything in France and Belgium at that point. Fight setbacks, war-instigated scourges, and other segment interruptions have broad impacts. World War I added to the 1918 flu pestilence that slaughtered millions. Military powers in East Africa may have started the episode of what turned into a worldwide AIDS plague. Quincy Wright appraises that at any rate 10 percent of passings in present day development can be ascribed straightforwardly or in a roundabout way to war (Wright, 1942). The U. S. time of increased birth rates after World War II proceeds with decades later to shape monetary strategy discusses going from school spending plans to government managed savings. Wars likewise incidentally shake up sexual orientation relations (among other segment factors), as when men venture out from home and ladies take war employments to renew the work power, as in the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States during World War II. Nations that can battle wars past their outskirts evade the most expensive demolition (however not different expenses of war). For instance, the Dutch towards the finish of the Thirty Years War, the British during the Napoleonic Wars, the Japanese in World War I, and the Americans in both World Wars appreciated this relative protection from wars annihilation, which then debilitated their monetary adversaries. Likewise, similarly as wars expenses and results influence monetary conditions and advancement, so too do financial conditions and development influence war. Causality runs in the two bearings. For instance, Dutch monetary qualities in the mid seventeenth century permitted quick and modest creation of boats, including warships. The subsequent maritime military bit of leeway thus upheld Dutch significant distance exchange. The riches got from that exchange, thus, let the Netherlands pay and train an expert standing armed force, which effectively shielded the Netherlands from the ruinous Thirty Years War. This security thus let the Dutch extend a lot of world exchange to the detriment of war-scarred adversaries. In this manner the developments of fighting and of world monetary history are entwined. War is the proximal reason for the repetitive inflationary spikes that divide 50-year Kondratieff waves on the planet economy. Those waves themselves keep on being questionable. Notwithstanding, they may have some prescient incentive to the degree they explain the authentic connections among war and military spending from one perspective, and swelling and monetary development on the other. The 1990s primarily followed an anticipated long-wave period of supported low swelling, recharged development, and decreased incredible force military clash. On the off chance that this example were to proceed, the coming decade would see proceeded with solid development yet new upward weights on military spending and struggle, in the long run prompting another episode of swelling in the incredible force economies. Since researchers don't concur on the instrument or even the presence of long financial waves, in any case, such projections are of more scholarly than functional intrigue. The connection between military spending and monetary development has likewise created discussion. Notwithstanding its siphon preparing potential in explicit conditions, as during the 1930s, military spending for the most part acts to slow financial development, since it redirects capital and work from progressively profitable venture, (for example, in streets, schools, or fundamental examination). During the Cold War, high ilitary spending contributed (among different causes) to the monetary stagnation of the Soviet Union and the breakdown of North Korea, though low military spending comparative with GDP added to Japans development and advancement. During the 1990s, as genuine military spending overall fell by around 33%, the United States and others harvested a harmony profit in supported extension. In any case, impacts of military spending are long haul, and sharp decreases don't bring speedy alleviation, as Russias experience since 1991 illustrates. The worldwide North-South gap a distinct element of the world economy is exacerbated by war. The many wars as of now in progress overall structure a bend from the Andes through Africa to the Middle East and Caucasus, to South and Southeast Asia. In a portion of the universes least fortunate nations, for example, Sudan and Afghanistan, endemic fighting blocks financial turn of events and produces granulating neediness, which thusly increases clashes and fills fighting. To finish up, you have found out about the great and awful things of war consequences for the economy. War has depleted riches, disturbed markets, and discouraged prudent development. Be that as it may, the champs of these wars regularly were remunerated from these wars. War is awful generally; I feel that war ought to be the last alternative for any nation. Works Cited Washigntonsblog. â€Å"Proof that war is awful for the economy. † 24 Feb. 2012. lt; http://www. washingtonsblog. com/2012/02/exposing the-legend that-war-is-useful for-the-economy-for the last time. htmlgt;. Symonds, Peter. â€Å"US compensation over war†. 7 Oct. 2012. lt; http://www. globalresearch. ca/us-compensation monetary war-on-iran/5307485. gt; lt; http://www. joshuagoldstein. com/jgeconhi. htm. gt; lt;upsky2. triod. com/science/financial matters/waraffectseconomy. html. gt; lt;Www, joshuagoldstein. com/igeconhi. htm. gt;

Deregul;Ation Of The Electrical Industry Essay Example For Students

Deregul;Ation Of The Electrical Industry Essay Deregulation of the Electrical IndustryThe underlying foundations of current guideline can be followed right back to thelate 1800s and found as antitrust. By the start of the twentieth century, the U.S. government had shaped the interstate Commerce Commission to manage the railroad business, and presently, numerous other administrative commissions were established in the transportation, correspondence, and protections fields. The primary objective of these administrative commissions was to make a sensible rate structure that would be engaging the two makers and purchasers. While this framework has worked for a long time, it has as of late go under overwhelming analysis, with numerous individuals pushing for open rivalry among electric force makers. Albeit once accepted to be an incomprehensible proposition, rivalry among electric force makers is at long last a reality in a couple of regions. Massachusetts is only one state where enactment actualized to make rivalry among electric force makers isn't just preferred by the individuals of the state, yet has given critical rate decreases too. The endeavor at managing cost in the electric business is an inconvenient one. The goal isn't just to limit the expense to customers, yet in addition to make a rate structure that will lure the electric organization to stay in the business. The administrative commission needs the electric organization to have motivation to enhance with the goal that they will have the option to give less expensive force later on. Be that as it may, if the commission catches all additio ns from advancement as lower costs, at that point the electric organization has no motivation to embrace any sort of development. In this way, a trade off must be arrived at which would give satisfactory motivating forces to firms to attempt cost-lessening activities while simultaneously guaranteeing that the cost for shoppers isn't extravagant. The term guideline alludes to government controlled limitations on firm choices over value, amount, and section and exit. Each factor of an industry must be controlled for makers and shoppers to genuinely profit. The control of cost doesn't mean setting one fixed cost, yet rather involves the formation of a value structure for buying power during top and non-top occasions. The control of amount alludes to the legislatures endeavor to control the sum created or for this situation the measure of power delivered. For instance, in the electric business, it doesn't bode well to have a great deal of little force plants produce power. Be that as it may, simultaneously one organization can not be permitted to consume the business and set costs at its own carefulness. Another factor in this issue is the control of section and exit in the electric business. By controlling who can enter the business, the legislature can control who delivers the power and the amount of it they produce. In any case, the viability of guideline has started to be addressed, and made the advancement of an increasingly serious market. Since the time the Public Utility Act of 1935, which thus made the Federal Power Commission, the job of electric utility guideline and its adequacy has been addressed. Since that demonstration was passed into enactment, the inquiry has consistently remained: has electric guideline had any kind of effect? Significant examinations done all through the twentieth century discovered clashing outcomes. An examination distributed in 1962 and led by Stigler and Friedland looked at the cost of power in states with guideline to the cost in states without guideline. Be that as it may, at the time all states had electric guideline, so Stigler and Friedland needed to return to the 1920s and 1930s to discover states without regulationTheir finding was true to form. In 1922, the normal cost of power was 2.44 pennies per kilowatt-hour in states with guideline. Be that as it may, in states without guideline, the normal cost expanded to 3.87 pennies per kilowatt-hour. While many would state that costs could fluctuate for reasons other than guideline, Stigler and Friedland controlled the investigation of different factors and found that no noteworthy distinction in cost existed. Different pundits felt that this examination was done in when guideline was simply beginning, and that controllers in the current day are increasingly compelling. Two different investigations which discovered various outcomes were those led by Meyer and Leland and another done by Greene and Smiley. In their investigation, which utilized informa tion from 1969 and 1974, Meyer and Leland used econometric evaluations of interest and expenses to discover theoretical unregulated costs. Their decision was that the controlled costs were altogether lower, however that even lower costs were requested. In a comparable report led by Greene and Smiley, they found that unregulated costs were 20-half higher than genuine managed costs. Despite the fact that these examinations appear to arrive at resolutions that help guideline, the elective finding by Leland and Meyer that even lower costs were requested is by all accounts a sign towards open rivalry among electric makers. Before long, the pattern toward rivalry between electric makers started to rise. Life And Times Of Alexander The Great EssayHowever, despite the fact that the law appears to have a lot a greater number of advantages than it does negatives, it has gone under late analysis. Numerous rivals of the law feel it isn't doing its structured reason, and shopper backfire was incredible to the point that Issue 4 asking whether the law ought to be canceled. An association called The Campaign for Fair Electric Rates, sponsored by bombed congressional competitor John OConnor and shopper advocate Ralph Nader, drove the push to cancel the law, considering it the greatest customer rip-off in Massachusetts history. The enormous issue engaged with the endeavored repeal was administrator reneging on their guarantee to secure shoppers by permitting utilities to recoup 100% of their awful ventures. Since deregulation will make a few utilities lose cash on interests in power plants or on contracts they made when they expected to continue selling power at a directed value, the inquiry b ecomes do they merit pay for these abandoned costs, which may approach $200 billion broadly? For example, utilities spent more than $5 billion structure the Seabrook atomic plant in New Hampshire, which produces 1,150 megawatts. Interestingly, private designers have proposed in excess of 50 new plants, which consolidated would deliver 30,000 megawatts, and the expense of these activities is assessed at marginally more than $15 billion. The utilities contend that open controllers endorsed those costs and that the state can not retreat from them presently, expressing that numerous plants have just started to actualize the new law, including selling a large portion of their capacity plants. Revoking the law now, they contend, would make express mayhem. Accordingly, an arrangement was composed into the law taking into account utilities to recoup the entirety of their abandoned expenses over a 10-year progress period. While defenders of the law were seeking after a 30% rate decrease, of which 66% would have originated from customers not paying for the greater part of the utilities abandoned speculations, they will presently need to make due with an ensured 15% rate cut, ideally with additional to come through rivalry. The inquiry now on everyones mind is: has the law filled its need and decreased electric rates? In an examination done by Standard and Poors DRI entitled Economic and Environmental Analysis of the New Massachusetts Electricity Law, and discharged on September 2, 1998, it found that the new has activated generous financial and ecological advantages. As indicated by the investigation, electric rates will decay by practically 28% continuously 2010 as an immediate consequence of retail rivalry and industry rebuilding. The DRI, a preservationist report when contrasted with others, predicts that shoppers will spare $470 million of every 1998 alone, and builds that gauge to at any rate $550 million every year in future years because of the new law. Additiona lly, the examination predicts the Commonwealth to accomplish higher monetary yield and work development activated by the evaluated $10 billion shoppers and organizations will save money on power costs. By 2010, there will be more than 60,000 additional occupations, a $19.6 billion increase in buyers combined genuine optional pay, and lower cost expansion. The entirety of this anticipating seems to place the law in a great light, however many need to know how its functioning at this point. As indicated by the Massachusetts Electric Company, its 970,000 clients have spared a sum of $67 million on their power charges in the initial a half year of the new power law. On September 1, reserve funds for the companys clients expanded to over 15%, or an all out investment funds of $25 million every month, one entire year in front of the necessary rate cut. This was expected to the companys members selling their capacity plants. SummaryBy inspecting the early consequences of the Massachusetts Electricity Law, alongside projections, for example, the ones gave by Standard and Poor, one can verify that the deregulation of the electric business has been long late. The deregulation of the electrical business demonstrates that any industry can and ought to be deregulated. It additionally demonstrates that opposition of the utility companys is to the greatest advantage of society all in all and that no industry ought to be permitted to exist without it. Financial aspects Essays

Hay, John Milton

Hay, John Milton Hay, John Milton, 1838â€"1905, American author and statesman who was an important political figure from the mid-19th cent. into the early 20th cent.; b. Salem, Ind., grad. Brown. He practiced law at Springfield, Ill., where he met Abraham Lincoln . Hay accompanied Lincoln to Washington and was the president's assistant private secretary, writing some of his more grandiloquent correspondence until Lincoln's death. The next five years were spent in minor posts in the U.S. legations at Paris, Vienna, and Madrid. Then followed four years of journalism in New York City, a period during which he published Pike County Ballads (1871). Marriage to the daughter of a wealthy Cleveland banker enabled him to pursue the profession of man of letters, to travel, and to fill political posts of distinction. He was appointed assistant secretary of state in 1878 and moved to Washington, D.C., where he became the intimate of Henry Adams and Clarence King . In this period he published with John G. Nicolay , the monumental Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vol., 1890), a work for which the young secretaries, while serving under Lincoln, had gathered material with his knowledge and permission. In Mar., 1897, McKinley appointed Hay ambassador to Great Britain, and there he served his country well during the trying time of the Spanish-American War . From Sept. 20, 1898, until his death, July 1, 1905, he was secretary of state under Presidents McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt . In the McKinley administration he was a maker of policies, and he was also a prominent figure in the Roosevelt administration, despite his chief's posthumous description of him as a fine figurehead. Hay was responsible for the Open Door policy (1899) with regard to China, which stressed freedom of commercial enterprise for American merchants; for U.S. involvement in the Boxer Uprising ; and for the Hay-Pauncefote Treaties . See W. R. Thayer, Life and Letters of John Hay (1915, repr. 1972); biographies by T. Dennett (1933, repr. 1961) and J. Taliaferro (2013); J. Zeitz, Lincoln's Boys: John Hay, John Nicolay and the War for Lincoln's Image (2014). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

A Picatrix Miscellany - 52019 Words

A PicA Trix MiscellAny Underground Edition 2007 e.v. CONTENTS On the Picatrix I. Introduction to the Picatrix (The Aim of the Sage) of al-Majriti, Maslamati ibn Ahmad II. Summary of the Contents of the Picatrix III. Excerpt from a Lecture on Alchemy by Terence McKenna On the Moon and the Lunar Mansions IV. Extracts on the Moon V. The Mansions of the Moon: â€Å"On the Creation, Proportion and Composition of the Heavens for the Fashioning of Images† VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western Astrology VII. W. B. Yeats and â€Å"A Vision:† The Arab Mansions of the Moon On Ritual and Talismans Picatrix Astrological Magic Aphorisms Extracts on Planetary Ritual Clothing Twenty Two Benefic Astrological Talismans Astrology, Magical Talismans and†¦show more content†¦A glance at the table of contents is enough to show that the sequence of chapters is erratic and closer inspection reveals that the scope of individual chapters is far wider than appears at first sight. Philosophic doctrines (which, according to the author, are the basis of the talismanic art), theory of magic, astronomical, astrological and physical lore, extensive directions for the practice of the art, and accounts of the peoples by whom it is employed are jumbled together throughout the book, with no discernible guiding principle. If a systematic arrangement is anywhere perceptible, it is in the astrological and astronomical material, though even this is far from selfcontained or methodically ordered. Subjects which belong together are separated (e.g., the geographical sections on pp.171 ff. and 394 ff.), long, discursive definitions, appearing in unexpected places, further break the sequence (e.g., pp.78 and 343)-. and there is a great deal more to make the reader’s task more difficult. This manner of writing may well be intentional, whether to make the magical sections appear less suspect by interlarding them with theoretical passages, or to make certain doctrines seem less strange by administering them in small doses, or to demon strate the equal validity of the magical and philosophical material, or for a combination of all three reasons. At all events, a similar method of

Energy Policy - 3086 Words

Module Handbook – 2013 Programme: University of Plymouth BSc Oil and Gas Management Module Title: International Energy Policy Level: 5 Credits: 15 Delivery Period: February – May 2013 Total Study Time: 150 hours, comprising 40 classroom hours and 110 hours of personal study. |Module Leader: |Dr Cassandra Martinez-King | |Module Leader’s Contact Hours: |Please refer to the timetable | |Module Leader’s Phone number: |†¦show more content†¦Cognitive/intellectual skills: ability to synthesise information and analyse issues affecting oil and gas policies across the world. Key/Transferable skills: demonstrate the ability to manage a range of information affecting world energy problems and sources of proffered solutions to those issues elicited. Practical skills: ability to operate in situation of varying complexity which entails the use of a variety of techniques and methodologies. 4. Teaching and Learning Methods Lectures and tutorials will provide a solid foundation for learning but you are expected to participate in private study and reading of your own without being directed explicitly. You should read the required reading material at your own pace but be aware that extra reading may be issued to you during the semester. You are also expected to find your own additional reading material, particularly for the purposes of the assignment. The weekly sessions will provide academic and practice-based information. Tutorial Questions will be given to the students in the lectures and/or at the end of each lecture. During tutorials students will be expected to present, discuss and critically evaluate all aspects of the topic in question. An active, participatory approach is expected. As a general guide, a formal lecture will present a particular theme each weekShow MoreRelatedThe At The Arena Of Energy Policy1924 Words   |  8 Pageslessons learned to the arena of energy policy in both Sweden and South Korea. South Korea and Sweden present the interesting similarity of both being net importers of energy resources and for that reason both having the real incentive of formulating some system of energy self-sufficiency to protect them from the dangers inherent to having an economy dependent on the imports from another country. I will begin with outlining the energy issues and subsequent policies being addressed in each countryRead MoreHow The Energy Policy Act ( 2005 )1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe present midterm exam has as purpose to evaluate, comparing and contrasting how the Energy Policy Act (2005) got passed and signed, using as a guidance Kingdon (1995) and Smiths Larimer’s (2013) concepts about agenda setting and decision making in public policy . According Kingdon (1995) governmental agenda is a â€Å"list of subjects to which officials are paying some serious attention at any given time† (Kingdon, 1995, pg. 196). Smith Larimer (2013) use a definition presented by Jones and BaumgartnerRead MoreThe Energy Policy Act Of 19921607 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy Policy Act In this final assignment for Environmental Policy, Regulation, and Law, I will discuss the Energy Policy Act. This discussion will be geared toward the current usage of renewable energy with reference to the incentives created in the Energy Policy Act. The introduction into this topic will include a brief synopsis of the act’s history. Following the history of the Energy Policy Act, there will be a discussion and argument for the act and its present incentives for the use of renewableRead MoreUncertainties in Energy Policies Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pages Energy policy and plans are laid out with two kinds of objectives viz. Means objectives and Final objectives. 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The intentions of these high level overall plans were to provide clear goalsRead MoreThe Future Energy Policy Of Denmark1801 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: This report describes the future energy policy of Denmark and how these future technologies could also be adopted by India. It also contains the geographical, social, political and ecological aspects of the future technologies chosen and look at the future potential of the projects being developed and how these future technologies and projects would prove useful for both the people and the climate. Keywords: Wind, Wave, Biomass, future, technologies, energy, projects, fossil fuels. I. Introduction

Aig Accounting Scandal Free Essays

Guidelines for Memos A list of resources for good business writing appears at the end of this document. It is strongly recommended that any serious business person consider owning writing resources. Written communication is often the distinguishing factor in determining career success in any business or government environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Aig Accounting Scandal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following are general guidelines intended to assist the student attempting to write a business memo for the first time. A memo (short for memorandum which is latin for thing to be remembered) is used extensively for internal business communication. Every company or government has its own format but typically there is a centered heading â€Å"Memorandum† at the top of the page, followed by left indented sub-headings â€Å"To:† (followed by â€Å"CC:† where appropriate), â€Å"From:†, â€Å"Date:† and â€Å"Subject:†. Note that CC is short for Carbon Copy – individuals who are receiving a copy of the memo for information purposes only. Typically memos are written to announce, clarify, respond, question or address any important issue within the entity. Memos are brief – few are longer than a page – so writers must choose their words carefully. Since they will be read by colleagues, managers, subordinates, etc. , a sloppy or inaccurate or long-winded memo can result in readers questioning the competence of the author. The addressee, any copied recipients and the sender are all identified only by name and title, e. g. John Smith, Manager, Internal Control. Telephone extension numbers or e-mail addresses can also be included, optionally. The Subject line should tell the reader exactly what the memo is about in as few words as possible. Examples are: â€Å"New Delivery Schedule for C-920†, â€Å"Policy re. Car Pooling†, â€Å"Christmas Shutdown Dates†, etc. The body of the memo need not be as formal as a letter since the recipients all work for the same company. Having said that, the more senior the audience, the more formal the style. However, in-house jargon and/or acronyms are acceptable (e. g. â€Å"as per CLQ regs. † or â€Å"this is consistent with RM-30†). Further, an informal or conversational style with short forms is also acceptable, particularly when the memo is being written to a colleague. Note that the reason for communicating by memo rather than by phone or personal visit, is so the sender and recipient have written evidence concerning the subject at hand. Therefore, the language chosen must be clear enough that there is no doubt as to how the subject will be treated and what course future actions will take. The reality is many memos are written to protect the writer rather than inform the recipient. Business Communication Resources Alred, G. J. , Brusaw, C. T. , Oliu, W. E. (2006). The business writer’s handbook (8th ed. ). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. Guffey, M. E. , Almonte, R. (2013). Essentials of business communication (7th Canadian ed. ). Toronto: Nelson. (includes sections on resumes, cover letters, speaking skills and career search) Guffey, M. E. , Loewy, D. , Rhodes, K. Rogin, P. (2013). Business communication : Process and product (4th Brief Canadian ed. ). Toronto: Nelson. (includes sections on resumes, cover letters and career search) Locker, K. O. , Kaczmarek, S. K. , Braun, K. (2010). Business communication: Building critical skills (4th Canadian ed. ). Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Harty, K. J. (2008). Strategies for business and technical writing (6th ed. ). New York: Pearson Longman. Lindsell-Roberts, S. (2006). 135 tips for writing successful business documents. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Davis, K. (2010) The McGraw-Hill 36-Hour Course in Business writing and Communications. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hogue, A. (2004) The Essentials of English: A Writer’s Handbook. White Plains, NY. : Pearson Education (lots of grammar/punctuation resources) Strunk Jr. , W. White, E. B. (1999 or 2011) The Elements of Style. New York: Pearson Longman (brief classic guide to common writing mistakes and corrections) Zinsser, W. (2006) On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Non-Fiction. New York: Harper (another very brief classic guide considered helpful by most writers) Online Writing Lab at Purdue University: http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/ (arguably the best online resource, covering a broad range of useful topics) How to cite Aig Accounting Scandal, Essay examples

Prom Night Memories Essay Example For Students

Prom Night Memories Essay It’s the night before I go to Atlanta and I am beyond excited. My flight is early in the morning and I am so ready to go. I checked my flight once more before I go to bed and I noticed instead of my flight saying a. m. , it says p. m. At this moment I am livid, my head felt like an erupting volcano and I have no one to blame but myself. Luckily my grandpa works for Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport and he told me that he would fix it in the morning. That makes me feel a little better but it still makes me feel like I’m walking on egg shells because I don’t know what to expect. I force myself to sleep because in a matter of hours I will see my boyfriend, get ready for prom, and have the night of my life. I woke up at 5:00 a. m. and sit up in my bed trying to blink through the darkness of my room. As of right now I am having mixed emotions, I am excited, anxious, and nervous at the same time. I get up, get dressed and check my bag to make sure I have everything in it. When we get to the airport we immediately go to terminal two and talk to the agent at the Delta desk. She said that there were a lot of flights going to Atlanta and she put me on the first one, however I was on standby. That is the absolute worst was way to fly, especially when you have important activities to tend to. I get through security and make my way to gate D7. I immediately go to the monitor to look for my name on the standby flights and I got bumped several times so now I have to wait for the next flight. I fell asleep and was awakened an hour or two later by the aroma of bagels and fresh coffee. I was sitting there for another hour and a half. My grandpa came to check on me, shortly after he arrived the woman at the front desk called my name. I jumped up and did a run-walk to the counter and she informed me that I was cleared to get on the flight. I got my ticket, said goodbye to my grandpa and proceeded to the plane. When the plane landed I was smiling from ear to ear because I was so excited. As soon as I got to Harts-field Jackson Airport I immediately got lost, I get lost every time it never fails. When I finally got to where I was supposed to be, I saw my boyfriend waiting for me near baggage claim. I almost tackled him because I was so excited to finally see him. When we arrived at his house my aunt was already there to do my make-up and I already had my hair done so that part was taken care of. After my make-up was done I went to go get dressed. I was in the bathroom for at least fifteen minutes admiring myself. When I was done I tried to leave the bathroom and the door would not open. At this moment I started to panic because I didnt know how to get myself out of there. The make-up on my face felt like it was melting away as the light in the bathroom seemed to get brighter. I had to calm myself down and bang on the door until someone could hear me. My boyfriend finally came to open the door and that was such a relief because I thought my last moments of my life were going to be in that bathroom. After I escaped that death trap, it was picture time! My dress was pink and I wore sparkly champagne gold six-inch heels and gold accessories. My boyfriend wore a white tuxedo and his vest was pink to match my dress. We went outside and his mom and my aunt took over a million pictures until we told them it was time for us to leave. We got into the Durango and headed to prom! When we got there everything looked amazing. The lights were dim and the other illuminating source of light was a slight fire and it looked really nice. There was a lady that wore a sparkly bra and a long skirt, she was so memorable because she had a huge snake around her neck. .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 , .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .postImageUrl , .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 , .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:hover , .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:visited , .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:active { border:0!important; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:active , .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32 .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uffa56e3e905afca23d377c92bb08ab32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parenting EssayThere was also a guy that was juggling sharp objects, it was dangerous but exciting at the same time. It was absolutely stunning! We walked through and my boyfriend introduced me to his friends and he had a lot of friends, and some of them knew who I was but I didnt know them at all. We went outside and I took pictures with girls that I’ve never seen before and I loved it because it kind of made me feel like a celebrity. After all of the pictures and meeting new people, we decided to eat. For the most part the menu was pretty good. I had sliders, wings and this red juice that was horrifying to my taste buds. When were done eating we got up to dance and the dance floor was packed every seat in the building was empty. There was one particular song that everyone turned all the way up to and one girl stomped really hard on my toe. I was done dancing for the night after that because the pain was excruciating. I was a little disappointed that I didnt get to slow dance with my boyfriend like couples do in the cute movies with the happy ending. So my boyfriend and I just sat outside and enjoyed the beautiful view of the moon and the stars. It was almost time for prom to come to an end and everyone was asking if we were going to the after parties. We didnt plan on going to any parties because we really werent interested. Since his mom got us a hotel that’s where we spent our night after prom. The prom is a rite of passage that has always been one of the most important rituals of American youth. It is a day in our lives that we never forget a day full of hopes and dreams (NY Times, 2013). My prom night was special for me because I got to spend it with someone who means so much to me and I treasured ever moment we spent together that night. If I could hit the redo button, I wouldnt change a anything.

Africa University, [A.U] Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Africa University, [A.U] Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Africa University, [A.U] Institute of peace, Leadership and governance, [I.P.L.G] Master 's in Public Policy and Governance (MPPG) Mutare , Zimbabwe Semester Assignment POLICY BRIEF: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA'S HEALTH SYSTEMS; CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES By Ishaya Ajet Hosea Reg Number: 130151 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course Course title: Health policy and Health care in Africa Signed Date 04 March 2018 Executive Summary COUNTRY FACTS (2018 ) Population: 190,632,261 Life Expectancy at Birth Total : 53.8 years Male: 52.8 years Female : 55 years Infant Mortality Rate (Live Births) Total : 69.8 deaths/1,000 Male : 74.5 deaths/1,000 Female : 64.8 deaths/1,000 Health Expenditures: 3.7% of GDP (2014) (Source: CIA World Fact Book, 2017) The health system of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is currently in need of full evaluation. This is in order for new and revisited policies to fine-tune the wants of the forthcoming shift in infection pattern due to an epidemiological circumference (incidence, distribution, and control of diseases.) This means that the trouble of diseas e shifts away from communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS to non-communicable diseases but most recurring like diabetes. The contemporary health system is not fully built and equipped for the growing number of chronic diseases attacking the growing population of the country. Health care can be delivered at low cost, but in the current case , public health care delivery is notably inefficient and more expensive ly delivered by the private. This puts pressure on the financial situation of the health system. Therefore, policies in Nigeria's public health should focus more on providing access on a large scale. On that account, reinventing the parameters of operations of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) should aim at availing health access with ease for all and put more considerations into sicknesses that are considered minor. To achieve this objective, health facilities need further support by the government of the fe deration to enhance training and proficiency and a comprehensive focus on diseases. In addition, budgetary allocation towards heal ought to increase and be equally distributed across the nation Introduction There have been intense suppositions that Nigeria would reform its health sector. Nigeria is one of the largest countries in Africa. The country is blessed with many natural resources ( Meo et al, 2014). This makes it one of the richest in the continent. Despite the country's wealth , it is still underdeveloped. The country has passed thr ough different administrations. There have been many outcries from the country and international world. The plea is for the administration to better the lot of the country by increasing the standards of living of its citizens . Nigeria faces many challenges among which health care packages are included. The main health domains informing Nigeria's health care policies and reforms include: genetic makeup, social circumstances, environmental circumstances, behavioural choices, medical care availability . Nigeria's health care budgetary allocation falls in line with the World Health Organisation's recomm endation on health expenditure. According to (World Bank Group, 2018) report, Nigeria currently invest about 5.3 percent of its Gross Domestic Product to the Health Sector. This is in line with the Universal Health Policies UNIVERSAL HEALTH POLICIES Is also known as universal health coverage . This is a specific type of health care where everyone is provided coverage regardless of their income, race, age, pre-existing conditions, gender, or wealth. In other words, as long as you are a legal resident of the region that is being covered, (e.g . Federal Republic of Nigeria ), you are eligible for universal health care. The purpose of universal health care is to provide all citizens with an opportunity to obtain the health care that they may need without having to worry about financial hardship. Currently, the costs associated with privatized health care are really expensive. Private companies set their own costs for insurance premiums, medical tests, and other services in order to make a profit. A universal health care system would be run by the government. The assumption here is that the government would not be interested in making profits, but in promoting the best interests of its citizens. Therefore, a universal health care system would likely result in decreased costs for medical care and

Free Essays on Comparison Between Ancient Egypt And Judiac Civilization

Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization are two of the three Primitive Civilizations. They lived in different places and they also belived in different religions. The Egyptians were believeing in polytheistic religion.There were lots of Gods and Goddesses they believed. The Egyptians believed that the soul of the dead body travel into the afterlife at their first night after death. They believed the dead body must be mummified to reach eternal life. They also believed that there were a judge after death and if you can pass the judgement , you would have a journey from East to the West to have peace.East was named as Thermopolis and west was named as Heliapolis.At the judgement ;Maat,who was the Goddess of truth, balance and order , was the judge. The heart of the dead person was getting balanced by the feather on Maat’s head. If the heart is lighter than the feather , it can continue to the journey to Heliapolis. If the heart is heavier than the feather , Anubis , who was the guardian of Necropolis , eats the heart. So the soul of the dead body dies forever. For the ones who passed the judge , there is a Book of The Dead .This book is replaced to the curve of the dead person. The aim of the book is to help the dead person to reach Heliapolis. This book is set as a guide or a map. This book is thicker to rich people and there are names on it for the rich people. It is thinner for the poor people and instead of names , people are mentione as â€Å"X† or â€Å"N† for the word â€Å"noble† . Egyptian people had funerary figures named â€Å"shabti†. Shabtis were mentioned in The Book of The Dead at the spell six : O shabti , allotted to me , if I be summoned or if I be detailed to do any work which has to be done in the realm of the dead ;if indeed obstacles are implanted for you therewith as a amn at his duties , you shall detail yourself for me on every occasion of making arable the fields , of flooding the banks or of conveying ... Free Essays on Comparison Between Ancient Egypt And Judiac Civilization Free Essays on Comparison Between Ancient Egypt And Judiac Civilization Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization are two of the three Primitive Civilizations. They lived in different places and they also belived in different religions. The Egyptians were believeing in polytheistic religion.There were lots of Gods and Goddesses they believed. The Egyptians believed that the soul of the dead body travel into the afterlife at their first night after death. They believed the dead body must be mummified to reach eternal life. They also believed that there were a judge after death and if you can pass the judgement , you would have a journey from East to the West to have peace.East was named as Thermopolis and west was named as Heliapolis.At the judgement ;Maat,who was the Goddess of truth, balance and order , was the judge. The heart of the dead person was getting balanced by the feather on Maat’s head. If the heart is lighter than the feather , it can continue to the journey to Heliapolis. If the heart is heavier than the feather , Anubis , who was the guardian of Necropolis , eats the heart. So the soul of the dead body dies forever. For the ones who passed the judge , there is a Book of The Dead .This book is replaced to the curve of the dead person. The aim of the book is to help the dead person to reach Heliapolis. This book is set as a guide or a map. This book is thicker to rich people and there are names on it for the rich people. It is thinner for the poor people and instead of names , people are mentione as â€Å"X† or â€Å"N† for the word â€Å"noble† . Egyptian people had funerary figures named â€Å"shabti†. Shabtis were mentioned in The Book of The Dead at the spell six : O shabti , allotted to me , if I be summoned or if I be detailed to do any work which has to be done in the realm of the dead ;if indeed obstacles are implanted for you therewith as a amn at his duties , you shall detail yourself for me on every occasion of making arable the fields , of flooding the banks or of conveying ...

Risk Management - Hospitality Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk Management - Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Every business entity when initiated will have inherited risk in them as it has to reach the costumers expectations and has to place itself in a competitive environment or it has to create a market demand to its new product to be launched. With out perceiving the risk of venturing into new market arenas the purpose of making profitability does not arise. All organizations will face some kind of risk proportions in their daily activities of their operations as the sectors demands a standard or particular norms and expectations to be met. The risk is inherited with the unexplored option which may turn in to organization benefit or it may crumble depicting that the perceptions were wrong. The common risk concerns areas are: Hazard risk: it is related to sudden incidents like fire eruption, natural calamities. Financial risk: the financial risks deal with the uncertainty of the economic viability of industry. Operational risk: is associated with various factors which has a significant ro le in the processes, methodologies adapted in the running the company. Strategic risk: eludes about the accuracy of the strategy implemented and explains ho far the methods adopted were proper to the company growth within the market.... officials failed in analyzing the sources. The south Indian region has more coffee consumers when compared to North. The Company did not expand aggressively into the north India where there was more corporate culture in cities like Delhi and Mumbai. In a span of six years from 1996 to 2002 it was able to open only 50 outlets major of them in south India metros cities and a few in north India parts like Pune. The lack of aggressive marketing of the cafe coffee day brand allowed other competitors to captivate on the demand created by CCD .There is an inability to choose right market. The south Indian market has already some active players in the coffee shops, as coffee used to be consumed more in South India. Caf coffee day choose to compete in existing market and confined itself to southern region. The negligence of the north Indian market where there are many industrially developed areas like New Delhi, Mumbai gurgoan, Noida, Pune and the consumers who are willing to accept the trendy ambience of the caf coffee day was untapped for a long time. In a booming market a new entrant taking such a long time will certainly allow the competitors to cash the opportunity which the other coffee shops like the barista and qwiky's have done. The CCD lacked professional expertise in the business expansion which can be observed in time lag for five years, before the decision to expansion has been taken place. The workers doesn't know how to analyze the feasibility, how to locate the right market. CCD has entered into a market with other active players who already exists in the South Indian market. A company having an ambitious plan to introduce a new product should do the necessary Market research which depicts the: Type of expected

Appropriate Changes in the Operation of Unlisted Real Estate Funds Essay

Appropriate Changes in the Operation of Unlisted Real Estate Funds Market - Essay Example From 2002 to 2007, there occurred yield compression, the capital values of real estate rose rapidly, and the availability of capital for investment in the real estate increased drastically. â€Å"The rapid rise in property values was already losing momentum prior to the liquidity crisis of the summer of 2007, which in turn triggered a significant downturn in both the broader economy and the property market† (pwc.co.uk, 2012, p. 4). The global financial crisis has severely tested the managers of unlisted real estate funds in a whole range of ways that include but are not limited to investor activity, liquidity management, vacation accuracy of indirect as well as direct holdings, availability of asset, pricing, debt management, investor communication, and unit pricing. All of this has happened in context of the economic instability along with market commentary and an increasingly subjective media. In spite of the fact that the global financial crisis has receded and the flow of money in the unlisted real estate funds has started to become normal, yet much needs to be done to resolve the process of selectivity by the investors. The movement of capital because of the cost of withdrawal of the funds has inertia as an inherent feature. The under-performance of open-ended funds by few investors has enabled them to withdraw funds and use the secondary market for selling interests. In some cases, the investors have made a joint effort to change the funds’ manager. The complete effect of judgment of the investors upon the fund managers can take years to play out rather than few months because the deployment of new capital is the decision of the investors. Fund managers who have not been able to satisfy their investors may find it difficult to raise new funds. Collection of the new funds makes the depiction of success and loss among the fund managers more apparent. â€Å"Unlisted funds typically are structured as a private equity fund† (Huibers, 2012, p. 5). Since the onset of the global financial crisis, there has occurred immense change in the landscape of real-estate private-equity in terms of drawing out of numerous financial institutions from the unlisted real-estate market and sale of platforms (Yue et al., 2010). During the global financial crisis, the investors were struck into funds which they could not find escape from easily. After gaining this experience, many investors are looking for more flexibility in the real estate investment. Cash-rich investors wanted to increase their equity in an attempt to keep the bank from seizing their portfolio in cases of breaches of loan-to-value. Fund managers realized that some investors were not able to match the investments. The interests became so divergent that it was hard to reconcile. As a result of this, many investors are nowadays looking for like-minded co-investors for partnership with them so as to be able to reach agreement easily in the times of conflict. This trend re duces the size of the investors’ clubs established to invest money in specific portfolios, properties, and redevelopment projects. There are also certain investors who are seeking funds to get them structured in such a way that increases the liquidity. Investor registers are also being made by the large pooled funds to improve communication among the investors. Debt and the way it was dealt with by the fund managers during the last boom and bust is an important issue. Debt was readily

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights The Bronte sisters definitely played a major role in the English literature. They wrote in a style which is called Gothic fiction or sometimes Gothic Horror, this style is an extension of the Romantic Movement. The Bronte family had six children, Charlotte was the third child, and Emily was the fifth child in the family of Bronte. They novels were admitted as sensational and now they count as a part of the English Classicism Literature. Jane Eyre is the most famous novel of Charlotte Bronte and one of the most famous novels in Great Britain. The novel reflects perfectly the fundamental relationships of the society of that time in Great Britain. Passion, search for love and family, differences between social classes and role of the women in society of that time, all is included. Wuthering Heights is Emilys Bronte only novel, which tells about passions which can rise in the heart of lovers, about how circumstances may change the way of life and what is most important, it is a portrait of womans heart. Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Bronte which was published for the first time in 1847. It tells a story about a young girl Jane, which had lost her parents in the early childhood. Because of that, she must life with her aunt and cousins, the Reeds, at the Gates head Hall. They treat this innocent orphan very badly. Later on, Jane finishes a religious boarding school for orphans, after that she works as a teacher for two more years, until she is eighteen years old. At eighteen she decides to leave the institution and begins to work as a governess. Her duty now is to watch after a little French girl, Adele Varens, at a country house called Thornfield. At Thornfield she meets Mr. Rochester and they both fall in love with each other. All is going well, but Mr. Rochester has some dark secrets from his past. At the day when Mr. Rochester and Jane should marry, two men arrive at the church and claim, that he is already married. Mr. Rochester tries to explain, that his wife is not mentally normal and that his father made him to marry her, because of the familys money. However, Jane refuses to listen and runs away from him. With no money for existence she almost dies, however a kind Rivers family finds her and provides a shelter for her. Later on it turns out, that Rivers siblings are actually her cousins. They live quite well, but then St. John (her cousin) offers her to marry him and travel to India as missioners. Jane almost agrees, but then one night, she sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the void. After this strange dream, she decides to visit Thornfield. As she goes there, she finds out, that the house has been burnt to the ground, and that Mr. Rochester, while trying to save his mad wife from the fire has lost one eye, one hand and is blind. Jane now finds Mr. Rochester, he tells how hard he tried to find her and could not succeed in it. She offers her help as a housekeeper or a nurse, but deep inside she wants, that Mr. Rochester off er her to marry him. After a short period he does so, they have a quiet wedding and after several years, his vision is gradually turning back to him. Wuthering Heights is a gothic novel written by Emily Bronte and it is her only work. It was first published in 1847. The story is set in Yorkshire moors, in winter 1801 a man named Lockwood in the search of solitude rents a country house called Thrushcross Grange. Here he finds out about his landlord and neighbour, Heathcliff a man who lives in exaltation. Nelly Dean is the housekeeper of Thrushcross Grange, and Lockwood asks her to tell the story of Heathcliff. Nelly starts her story with remembering her childhood; when she worked as a young girl at Wuthering Heights as a servant girl for Earnshaws family. Once Mr. Earnshaw left his family, because of the business in Liverpool, he returns back home with an orphan boy. At first Mr. Earnshaw children, that is Hindley and Catherine hates the dark hair orphan, but soon Catherin feels love for young Heathcliff and they start to spend all their time together. However, Hindley feels nothing, but disgust and hate to Heathcliff. Later on, Mr . Earnshaws wife dies and as time is passing Mr. Earnshaw starts to prefer Heatchcliff over his own child. He even sends Hindley away to the college. Passes three more years, and death takes away Mr. Earnshaw. As Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley returns to Wuthering Heights from his banishment. He returns with his wife, Frances, and immediately starts his revenge on Heathcliff. Hindley forces Heathcliff to work on fields as a common worker. Catherine still feels love for Heathcliff. One day they both decide to visit Linton family, who inhabited Thrushcross Grange at that time. As they approach Thrushcross Grange, the dogs come out and Catherine is bitten by one of them. Lintons take her to their house, however Heathcliff leaves it immediately. Because of injuries, she is forced to stay at Thrushcross Grange. She stays there for almost five weeks and during that time Mrs. Linton, who feels interest for Catherine Earnshaw, teaches her how to behave properly and how to be a lady. Another thi ng is that as Catherine returns to Wuthering Heights, she is already charmed by Edgar, the son of the Linton family and her relationship with Heathcliff, becomes much more complicated. Soon, another tragedy happens in Wuthering Heights, Frances (Hindleys wife) dies when giving birth to a son. After this happens, Hindley starts to abuse alcohol and his attitude towards other people in Wuthering Heights change dramatically, and the most cruelty and rage is turned against Heathcliff. Catherine after inhabiting Lintons house for almost five weeks and meeting Edgar Linton, feels need for social status improvement and becomes engaged with Edgar. Heathcliff banishes himself from Wuthering Heights for three years. As he returns, Catherine and Edgar are already married. Heathcliff feels rage and is full of hate; moreover he has a mysterious fortune in his hands. Hindley is continuing abuse the alcohol and Heathcliff is lending money to him without any mercy, knowing that it will increase Hin dleys total debts. Hindley dies. Heathcliff buys Wuthering Heights and marries Isabella Linton, so he can become a master of Thrushcross Grange. He treats Isabella very cruelly after the marriage. Meanwhile, Catherine gives birth to a beautiful daughter, also named Catherine, and dies during the childbirth. Heathcliff feels desperate and crushed; he begs Catherine to remain on Earth and be with him. Isabella goes to London and gives birth to a son of Heathcliff and stays there. Nelly Dean serves as a nurse of Heathcliffs daughter for thirteen years at Thrushcross Grange. After thirteen years, Isabella dies and her son is forced to move to Wuthering Heights to live with his father, that is Heathcliff. After three years, young Catherine meets Hareton (Hindleys son) near the moors of Wuthering Heights. Later on she decides to visit the estate and meets a young Linton. They both begin romance in letters, however this romance is not real, Heathcliff forces Catherine to write to Linton, b ecause of hope, that she will marry him, so he could claim all rights on Thrushcross Grange. Later on Edgar falls ill and is near to death; Heathcliff steals Nelly Dean and Catherin; until Catherin agrees to marry young Linton. Soon after their marriage Edgar dies, and soon after that, the death takes away young Linton as well. Heathcliff now becomes a master of both estates. Catherine is all alone and Heathcliff makes her life in Wuthering Heights as a nightmare. At this point Nellys story ends and reaches the present moment, when Lockwood arrived. Lockwood shocked ends his visit in Thrushcross Grange and turns back to London. After the six months Lockwood decides to make a second visit. There he finds out, that Heathcliff has died one night. Also, Catherine lives and feels interest for Haerton, even though at first she made a laugh at his appearance and illiteracy. Later on Lockwood decides to visit the grave of Catherine and Heathcliff. Definitely more mysterious mood and plot is in Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre do not show so many mysteries in its plot. However, in Jane Eyre Jane sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the abyss, same is in Wuthering Heights also, after reading strange letters in Heathcliffs house Lockwood sees a ghost. If look at Wuthering Heights one can see that work is written according to restrictions of time, place and manner. However, if place and manner is included in this work, the restriction of time is not, because the events take more than 24 hours until the culmination of the drama. Contrary, Jane Eyre does not follow these three restrictions. As for drama, Wuthering Heights definitely outscores Jane Eyre, more events happens in the first novel, even though they are all around the estate. What is similar in both stories is happy end, if we look at Jane Eyre Mr. Rochester marries Jane, however he is invalid and his vision is damaged. In Wuthering Heights, Haerton and Catheri ne also at the end live together and plan to marry, but we cannot say that it is a happy end of the story, because so many deaths happened during the storyline. Another similarity of these two stories is their semantic similarity. During my research, I pointed out, that for both stories semantic fields would be as follows: death, marriage, family life. And for conclusion, one more similarity can be distinguished, Jane becomes an orphan and Heathcliff was brought to Wuthering Heights as also as an orphan. Conclusion Probably, if one will read at least one of the two discussed works and will like it, he will read the other offered work by Bronte family as well. Both works are rich with context, which describes the way of life during the 19th century.

Alcohol in the body

After the ingestion of the alcohol by the man, it passes from the stomach then to the intestines and into the blood stream in a process called absorption. This alcohol is then broken down by body chemicals called enzymes. In this case alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde after a mediation of an enzyme called Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH). ADH is believed to cause non-dehydration symptoms of hangover, like nausea. This process occurs in the liver. Under the influence of other enzymes acetaldehyde is quickly converted to acetate which is eventually reduced to water and carbon dioxide.An enzyme called cytochrome in the liver metabolizes the liver. This enzyme is increased in the event of continuous heavy drinking by the person in question. Although large percentage of alcohol consumed is metabolized in the liver, some small portions of unmetabolized alcohol will still find their way in urine of the individual. It is also likely to find some portions in breath. 30 to 45 minutes of after wi ll see the man’s blood alcohol level rise.Despite the amount of alcohol consumed by the individual, the liver will only be able to metabolize a specified amount of alcohol per hour. This rate of alcohol metabolism depends on the amount of metabolizing enzymes in the liver of the guy. This amount of enzymes varies from one individual to another. It appears to have some genetic determinants. Alcohol is absorbed more slowly than it is consumed. Consequently, the consumption needs to be checked to reduce the risk of it accumulating in the body due to its slow metabolism. Alcohol can even intoxicate the body.

Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Essay

Abstract According to the World Health Organisation an estimated 200 million people globally are affected by serious mental health problems, however, research evidence indicates that only around one-third of those experiencing mental health difficulties actually seek treatment. A number of psycho-social and demographic factors have been found to explain variation in attitudes towards, and intentions to, seek psychological help. This study sought to examine the association between attitudes towards seeking mental health services and intentions to engage in psychological counselling. The sample for the current study consisted of 331 active and retired members of the national police force of the Republic of Ireland. It was predicted that psychological openness, help-seeking propensity, and indifference to stigma would all positively predict intentions to participate in psychological counselling, after controlling for age, gender and personality factors. The results showed that Finish Abstract Introduction According to the World Health Organisation an estimated 200 million people globally are affected by serious mental health problems (Mollica, 2000). Available data, however, suggests that only around one-third of those experiencing mental health difficulties actually make treatment contact (Kessler et al., 2009). This is of concern not only because of the deleterious impact on individual’s lives, but also because of the associated economic and societal costs of untreated mental health problems (Kessler et al., 2009). A number of psycho-social and demographic factors have been found to explain variation in attitudes towards, and intentions to, seek psychological help (e.g., Bartels, 2003; Segal, Coolidge, Mincic, & O’Riley, 2005; Vogel, Wester, Wei, & Boysen, 2005). How favourable and effective one believes psychological counselling to be, one’s own belief in their capacity to engage in counselling, and perceptions of subsequent social rejection  following counse lling attendance, have been identified as particularly influential (e.g., Hyland, McLaughlin, Boduszek, & Prentice, 2012; Vogel & Wester, 2003). Research also suggests that females may be significantly more likely than males to hold favourable attitudes towards utilising mental health services (e.g., Chandra & Minkovitz 2006; Raunic & Xenos, 2008), although some studies have shown that males and females do not differ in their attitudes or intentions towards the utilisation of mental health services (e.g., Kelly & Achter, 1995; Vogel & Wester, 2003). Additionally, personality factors have been suggested to impact upon individuals’ help-seeking attitudes and intentions. Jagdeo, Cox, Stein, and Sareen (2009) found that antisocial personality disorder was associated with greater negative attitudes towards help-seeking using data from the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (n = 5877) and the Ontario Health Survey (OHS) (n = 6902). Given the disparity between mental health service needs and service utilization a more comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in counselling-seeking behaviour is required. The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS; Mackenzie, Knox, Gekoski, & Macaulay, 2004) is a 24-item scale designed to assess the attitudinal factors that influence the seeking of mental health services. This scale was developed based upon Fisher and Turner’s (1970) Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. The scale was developed with a clear theoretical foundation, and its increasing use in research (James & Buttle, 2008; Loya, Reddy, & Hinshaw, 2010; Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006; Mojaverian, Hashimoto, & Kim, 2012; Floersch et al., 2009). The IASMHS initially included 41-items, however the results an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using maximum likelihood estimation among a sample of 208 adult volunteers (Mackenzie et al., 2004) reduced the number of items in the scale to 24. Results indicated that the 24-item scale could be explained in terms of three correlated factors, which accounted for 43% of variance: (a) Psychological Openness (the degree to which an individual is open to acknowledging the presence of a psychological problem and to seek professional care for such a problem), (b) Help-Seeking Propensity (one’s willingness and perceived ability to seek help for psychological problems), and (c) Indifference to Stigma (how concerned an individual would feel were significant others to discover that they were receiving psychological care).  Internal consistency coefficients for the IASMHS subscales were reported to be good with Cronbach’s alphas of .82 (psychological openness), .76 (help-seeking propensity), and .79 (indifference to stigma). Factor correlations were moderate with r values ranging from .37 to .47. In the same paper, using an independent sample of 293 undergraduate university students and employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques, Mackenzie and colleagues (2004) reported that they replicated the three-factor solution indicated by the EFA. Model fit was acceptable and factor correlations ranged from r = .26 to .43. The current study aims to assess the degree to which intentions to participate in psychological counselling can be predicted by attitudes towards seeking mental health services. Specifically, it was predicted that psychological openness, help-seeking propensity, and indifference to stigma would all positively predict intentions to participate in psychological counselling, after controlling for age, gender and personality factors. Method Participants The sample for the current study consisted of 331 (Males: n = 202; Females: n = 129) active and retired members of the national police force of the Republic of Ireland. Of the officers recruited, 302 (91%) were currently serving members of the Irish police force, while 29 (9%) were retired. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 77 years, with an average age of 28.41 years (SD = 8.63). Just under half the sample of officers were stationed in rural areas (45%, n = 149), 41% were stationed in suburban areas (n = 136), and 14% were stationed in urban areas (n = 46). The majority of officers who participated in this study were recent entrants into the police service with 63% of respondents indicating that they had been serving for two years or less (n = 209). Approximately half were married (48%, n = 159), while the remaining participants either resided with parents (27%, n = 89), lived with other family members (3%, n = 10), or lived alone (22%, n = 73). Procedure The majority of study participants were recruited during a training seminar (n = 259), while the remaining officers were recruited via formal written requests (n = 72). Appropriate authorization was granted from the relevant  officials to carry out the study. In total, 532 members were approached to complete the research questionnaire, and 365 volunteered their participation (68%). However due to overwhelming missing data in 34 returned surveys only 331 responses were retained for the final analysis (62%). Participants were required to complete an anonymous self-report, paper-and-pencil questionnaire booklet which included an instruction sheet and a consent form attached to the front of the booklet. Participants were assured about confidentiality and informed that their participation was voluntary. Completed questionnaires were returned by the participants to their superior officer in sealed envelopes, and were subsequently returned to the principal investigator. Measures The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS: Mackenzie et al., 2004) is a 24-item scale designed to measure an individual’s attitudes towards seeking mental health services. The IASMHS was developed in order to measure three factors labeled (a) Psychological openness, (b) Help-seeking propensity, and (c) Indifference to stigma. Psychological openness reflects the degree to which an individual is open to acknowledging the presence of a psychological problem and to seek professional care for such a problem. Help-seeking propensity reflects one’s willingness and perceived ability to seek help for psychological problems. Indifference to stigma refers to how concerned an individual would feel if significant others were to discover that they were receiving psychological care. Each factor is proposed to be measured via 8 items and each item is measured using a five point Likert-scale ranging from 0 (â€Å"disagree†) to 4 (â€Å"agree† ). Intentions to Participate in Psychological Counselling: Intentions were measured as part of a larger questionnaire designed to measure the various constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). This questionnaire was constructed according to the guidelines set forth by Ajzen (1991, 2002). The questionnaire was based upon a fictitious scenario which included the four elements of time, context, action, and target, as proposed by Ajzen and Fishbein (1977). The scenario describes an event that took place six weeks previously in which an individual witnesses a severe road  traffic accident. In the intervening six weeks this individual begins to experience significant personality changes. The individual is reported to now experience prolonged periods of extreme sadness, lack of energy, distressing thoughts related to the traumatic event, reduced interest in normally pleasurable activities, severe panic attacks while outside, and refusal to leave the house even for work. A friend of this individual attends a G.P. about the matter and the G.P. recommends that the described person should attend a professional psychologist for counselling within the next week. An appointment is thus made for next week. Participants in this study are asked to place themselves in the position of this fictitious person and to complete the questions that follow (see Appendix A for the full vignette). Behavioural intentions were measured via three items (Cronbach’s alpha = .77). 1. How likely is it that you would intend to go along to see a professional psychologist for counseling within the next week if you were in Terry’s position? 2. You will try to participate in counseling with a professional psychologist within the next week. 3. You have decided to participate in counseling with a professional psychologist within the next week. Each item was measured along a seven point Likert scale ranging from 1 (extremely unlikely) to 7 (extremely likely) and the scores on the three questions were summed. Higher scores on this scale indicate stronger intentions to engage in counselling.

Hip Hop Music And African American Oral Traditions

In order to understand hip-hop dance, it is important to recognize hip-hop music and where it came from. Many scholars of rap music relate the founding of rap to African and African American oral and musical traditions, specifically African griots and storytellers. They link the rhythm of rap to the use of drums in Africa and to African American music in the United States, from slave songs and spirituals to jazz and RB. Scholars have found very interesting connections between rap music and Black nationalist traditions (traditions historically practiced by black people that serve as part of their racial identity). Rap is similar to the â€Å"call and response of the black church, the joy and pain of the blues, the jive talk and slang of the hipsters and jazz musicians, the boasting of street talk, the sidesplitting humor of comedians, and the articulateness of black activists.† All of these African American oral traditions, including rap, can be traced back to West African o ral traditions. In traditional African societies, the spoken word and oral culture included poetry, storytelling, and speaking to drumbeats. The links between rap music and African American oral and musical traditions demonstrate that hip-hop music represents more than just sound. It represents history. This aspect of it, in my opinion, makes this type of music very unique and makes it carry more value. Rap music officially started in 1978 in the Bronx, New York. 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