What is a Kinetochore

The place where two chromosomes  (each known as a chromatid  before the cell splits) are joined before they split into two is called the centromere. A kinetochore is the patch of protein found on the centromere of each chromatid. It is where the chromatids are tightly connected. When its time, at the appropriate phase of cell division, the kinetochores ultimate goal is move chromosomes during  mitosis  and  meiosis. You can think of a kinetochore as  the knot or central point in a game of tug-of-war. Each tugging side is a chromatid getting ready to break away and become part of a new cell. Moving Chromosomes The word kinetochore tells you what it does. The prefix kineto- means move, and the suffix -chore also means move or spread. Each chromosome has two kinetochores. Microtubules that bind a chromosome are called  kinetochore microtubules. Kinetochore fibers extend from the kinetochore region and attach chromosomes to microtubule spindle polar fibers. These fibers work together to separate chromosomes during cell division.   Location and Checks and Balances Kinetochores form in the central region, or centromere, of a duplicated chromosome. A kinetochore consists of an inner region and an outer region. The inner region is bound to chromosomal DNA. The outer region connects to  spindle fibers.   Kinetochores also play an important role in the cells spindle assembly checkpoint. During the cell cycle, checks are made at certain stages of the cycle in order to ensure that proper cell division takes place. One of the checks involves making sure that the spindle fibers are correctly attached to chromosomes at their kinetochores.  The two kinetochores of each chromosome should be attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles. If not, the dividing cell could end up with an incorrect number of chromosomes. When errors are detected, the cell cycle process is halted until corrections are made. If these errors or mutations cannot be corrected, the cell will self-destruct in a process called apoptosis. Mitosis In cell division, there are several phases that involve the cells structures working together to ensure a good split. In the  metaphase of mitosis, kinetochores and spindle fibers help to position chromosomes along the central region of the cell called the metaphase plate. During anaphase, polar fibers push cell poles further apart and kinetochore fibers shorten in length, much like the childrens toy, a Chinese finger trap.  Kinetochores tightly grip polar fibers as they are pulled toward the cell poles. Then, the kinetochore proteins that are holding the sister chromatids together are broken down allowing them to separate. In the Chinese finger trap analogy, it would be as if someone took a scissor and cut the trap at the center releasing both sides. As a result, in cellular biology, sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite cell poles. At the end of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed with the full complement of chromosomes. Meiosis In meiosis, a cell goes through the dividing process two times. In​ part one of the process,  meiosis I, kinetochores are selectively attached to polar fibers extending from only one cell pole. This results in the separation of homologous chromosomes  (chromosome pairs), but not sister chromatids during meiosis I. In the next part of the process,  meiosis II, kinetochores are attached to polar fibers extending from both cell poles. At the end of meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated and chromosomes are distributed among four daughter cells.

Adware - 1371 Words

Caleb Olumuyiwa N/T 2580 Introduction To Information Security Week 2 A ssigment Define Key Terms. Adware | A software program that collects infor- mation about Internet usage and uses it to present targeted advertisements to users. Asset | Any item that has value to an organization or a person. Attack | An attempt to exploit a vulnerability of a computer or network component Backdoor | An undocumented and often unauthor- ized access method to a computer resource that bypasses normal access controls. Black-hat hacker | A computer attacker who tries to break IT security for the challenge and to prove technical prowess. Cookie | A text file sent from a Web site to a Web browser to store for later use. Cookies contain details gleaned†¦show more content†¦Phreaking | The act of studying, experimenting with, or exploring telephone systems, telephone company equipment, and systems connected to public telephone networks. . Pop-up | A type of window that appears on top of the browser window. Pop-ups generally contain ads. Although pop-ups are not strictly adware, many adware programs use them to interact with users. Replay attack | An attack in which the attacker captures data packets from a network and retrans- mits them to produce an unauthorized effect Rootkit | A type of malware that modifies or replaces one or more existing programs to hide the fact that a computer has been compromised. script kiddie | A person with little or no computer- attack skills. Script kiddies simply follow directions or use a cookbook approach without fully under- standing the meaning of the steps they are performing. security breach | Any event that results in a violation of any of the A-I-C security tenets. session hijacking | A network attack in which the attacker attempts to take over an existing connection between two network computers. smurfing | A DoS attack that uses a directed broad- cast to create a flood of network traffic for the victim computer sniffer | An application that captures traffic as it travels across a network spam | Unwanted e-mail or instant messages spear phishing | An e-mail or instant-m essageShow MoreRelatedCyber Attacks : A Huge Problem For Online Communities1231 Words   |  5 Pagesrequire the user to activate them, worms do not require execution, and can begin infecting a computer on their own. Also, unlike viruses, worms do not need to attach themselves onto a file, or a program. Spyware and Adware The two final types of malware, are known as spyware, and adware. Spyware is the term used to describe programs or software that perform certain commands, or behaviours without asking for the consent first. Some of the things spyware is able to do, without the user s knowledgeRead More Security And Privacy On The Internet Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesviruses, and worms arent bad enough. Adware and spyware are here to sap the remaining life out of your productivity and privacy, says Microsofts expert Jerry Honeycutt (2004, April 20). Adware is software that tracks your surfing habits, and displays targeted pop-up advertisements on your computer based on Web sites visited or search terms used. Pop-ups are the advertisements that appear in separate browser windows while you are surfing the Web. In some cases, adware can also modify the settings onRead MoreThreats Facing The Server, Workstations, And Website1512 Words   |  7 Pagesserious threat to data integrity and business infr astructure. Viruses have the ability to slow down, or even destroy data on systems. Worms are a self replicating malicious software that are often designed with particular tasks or goals. Spyware or adware will often provide annoying pop ups, or attempts to get the end user to buy a product. The investigation firm is suffering from a slowdown of the network, and reported pop ups even when users are not actively on the internet. While the computers areRead MoreThe Problems Of Digital Assaults1976 Words   |  8 Pagesdesign) have been normally used to allude to the conventional dangers postured by toxicities, Trojans, and worms. In the sequence of the most recent couple of years, the dangers presented by various different sorts of projects, including spyware and adware, have been constantly expanding. Spyware missions can quickly appear quickly, commandeer program sessions, divert programs to choose aim at locales or aggregate following data on client skimming propensities. They can make use of a client s PC assetsRead MoreAdware versus Spyware Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesAdware and Spyware - whats the difference? There seems to be a lot of confusion about what the difference is between adware and spyware. Lets set the record straight with a brief description of what each one is. Adware Any software application that has the ability to display advertisements on your computer. Some adware may track your Web surfing habits. These advertisements may be displayed in many forms, including, but not limited to, pop-up, pop-under, and banner advertisements. Adware mayRead MoreMalware Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages The more significant problem on Macs nowadays? Topping the list are adware and PUPs (Potentially Unwanted Programs). While those two have only become a real issue for Macs in 2013, they’ve been multiplying at an alarming rate since. Nowadays, it’s common to see Mac computers plagued by browser hijackers and annoying adware. Both often come bundled with free software or shareware you install in your machine. Annoying Adware and PUPs Free programs and utilities downloaded from the Internet mayRead MoreMalware And Its Effects On Computers1029 Words   |  5 Pagesinto opening an email attachment (Andrews, 900). Other types of common malware include Spyware, Adware, and keyloggers. Spyware spies on computers to collect personal information about users that it transmits over the Internet to web-hosting sites (Andrews, 900). Adware is software that automatically produces advertisements and pop-up ads. Adware and spyware are usually associated with one another. If adware or spyware is discovered on a computer, most likely both are present. Keyloggers can be quiteRead MoreTomorrow And Tomorrow Or The Terror Dream Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesplatform from which we judge, objectify and abuse women. A broad example of this was when Dominic met Waverley’s secretary, and one of the first things his Adware does is pop up with pictures and video clips of her as a cheerleader in noted tight, little spandex, which is commonly associated with sex appeal and the objectification of women. The Adware here makes the sexual objectification and oppression immediate and readily available, because it i s programmed to display it all for you. It makes it almostRead MoreThe Definitions Of Malware And Malware1462 Words   |  6 Pagesare the greets dangers to personal security. †¢ Adware. Adware is a type of softwares that continuously displays add in a manner that an user is annoyed and subscribed to unnecessary things. This is very unexpected and unwanted. Many of the adware also contain spyware, which track the user data. Some times adware is kept in the computer for some subsidiaries, some times because its useful. But the interior display or interior qualities of the adware are different. They may also be some tracking detailsRead MoreSecurity and Privacy on the Internet1544 Words   |  7 Pagesviruses, and worms arent bad enough. Adware and spyware are here to sap the remaining life out of your productivity and privacy, says Microsofts expert Jerry Honeycutt (2004, April 20). Adware is software that tracks your surfing habits, and displays targeted pop-up advertisements on your computer based on Web sites visited or search terms used. Pop-ups are the advertisements that appear in separate browser windows while you are surfing the Web. In some cases, adware can also modify the settings on

Marketing Products and the Branding Strategy in the Market

Question: Discuss about the marketing products and the branding strategy of the organization in the market? Answer: Introduction: The assignment is based on the marketing products and the branding strategy of the organization in the market. The researcher has conducted qualitative in-depth-interview of two students. They are the high school students and ready to go to the college. The researcher has arranged interview session for those students where they have to answer six questions. The researcher has provided the ladder diagram based on the answer of the students. In this context, the researcher has arranged the interview schedule for the organization called MetierHS, an institution for high school students. MetierHS provides several opportunities to the students such as internship, service learning opportunities and summer programs. Qualitative questions for first student Question 1: What is your favorite thing about the school? The favorite thing about the school is that special bonding with the students and teachers. Teachers behave friendly with the students and it encourages increasing the knowledge on a particular topic. Students are also helpful, as they do not bother to share notes and study materials with others in the schools. It helps in maintaining proper environment. The good institute needs the great group of teachers (Tuckman and Harper 2012). Therefore, the healthy relationship between teachers and students makes great institute. Question 2: What college would you like to attend in future? As per the first student, college must have multiple learning skills for the enhancement of knowledge. He would like to join a college where he can learn several opportunities of services. Now days, there are many institute that provides internships, service learning opportunities, summer programs (Flexer et al.2012). The Student wants to be engaged in a college that provide effective learning outcome so that he could secure the future. The college must provide different opportunities and social platform to the students to enhance the knowledge. Question 3: What is your educational goal after high school? As per the first student, he would like to have business relation education in future. The service opportunity is decreasing in the market, as the entire competition is high. The business learning process would help him to learn about the current market situation and the possibilities to start a new business. However, the new business would have many difficulties and threats in the market; the opportunity to success is high (Mikkonen et al. 2013). Through the engagement of applying new and innovative approaches, the business could get new height in the market (Cooley and Bickel 2012). Therefore, it will be a better option for him to build the career. Question 4: Why do you think that higher education is important for your further progress? As per the response of the student, it is clear and evident that school education is not enough for building the future of a student. In addition, the students can gain knowledge as well as wisdom after getting education from their higher studies. Question 5: What characteristics would make you different after taking admission in college? This particular student has opined that after taking admission in college, the student has to face a broader world than the school boundary. Opportunity would come to become associated with eminent professors of different fields. By exchanging views or opinions, they can build their personality (Romero and Ventura 2013). Question 6: Why do you think specification of a particular subject is needed after taking admission in college? According to the student, specification is highly needed in order to gain in-depth knowledge for a particular field. Otherwise, the entire study would be in general where the student would have limited knowledge and information in different streams. Concept of ladder diagram: The three basic key elements of the process are such as attributes (A), consequences (C), and values (V) (Bettinger et al.2013). These elements refer perceptual orientation of the products. Ladder diagram: The ladder diagram based on the answer of first student is provided below: Figure 1: Ladder diagram (Source: created by authors) Qualitative questions for second student: Question 1: What are your career goals? The prime career goal of the second student is to get a job in the government sector. Now days, every business has a risk factor and the competition is very high (Lawson and Lawson 2013). Therefore, the government sector is the most secure place to engage. As per second student, he would like to join the institute that provides actual training on the service based learning. There are some institutes like MatierHS, who provide all sorts of training facilities on the different service fields (Hill et al. 2013). The engagement with this type of institute would be helpful for the students to make future. Question 2: What are you most proud of? As per second student, he is most proud of his helping nature. He has helped his friends by giving the study-material. The notes and the study-material allow them to make good results in the examination. This habit of the student allows him to have great number of friends in the school. Question 3: What type of relation do you have with your teachers in the school? The teachers maintain friendly relation with the students. Teachers think that their friendly approaches towards the students help them to know the issues in an appropriate manner. The students clarify all questions related to their study so that they could perform well in the examination. The teachers listen to the student actively for helping them in difficult situation. Proper communication system facilitates the teachers to identify the difficulties in the particular subject (Romero and Ventura 2013). Question 4: Why do you think maintaining effective communication with the teachers in your school is essential? The students believe that maintaining a strong communication with the teachers is one of the most effective ways to gain detailed knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. Communication barriers prevent to share necessary problems with teachers regarding the subject matter. Question 5: What particular barriers have you faced while interacting with your teachers at classroom? This students coming from different culture and background has to face linguistic barriers and cultural barriers as well in order to interact with the students properly. Because of the cultural barrier, the student tends to keep aloof from the normal fellows (Tuckman and Harper 2012). Question 6: Why do you believe setting a future goal is important for a student? Before taking admission in college, setting the future aim is very much important. Specification of a particular subject is necessary for further progress. That is a reason every student should fix their target or aim at the very first stage. Ladder diagram: The ladder diagram based on the answer of second student is provided below: Figure 2: Ladder diagram (Source: Created by author) Conclusion: The qualitative questionnaires of the students help the researcher to get the practical information on the particular topic. In this context, the researcher has collected information from two students about their future objectives. The researcher has provided two different ladder diagrams based on the answers of both high-school students. It has shed lights on the in-depth qualitative research. References Bettinger, E., Boatman, A. and Long, B.T., 2013. Student supports: Developmental education and other academic programs.The Future of Children,23(1), pp.93-115. Cooley, W. and Bickel, W., 2012.Decision-oriented educational research(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Flexer, R.W., Baer, R.M., Luft, P.J. and Simmons, T.J., 2012. Transition planning for secondary students with disabilities. Hill, C.W., Cronk, T. and Wickramasekera, R., 2013.Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Lawson, M.A. and Lawson, H.A., 2013. New conceptual frameworks for student engagement research, policy, and practice.Review of Educational Research, p.0034654313480891. Mikkonen, J., Ruohoniemi, M. and Lindblom-Ylnne, S., 2013. The role of individual interest and future goals during the first years of university studies.Studies in higher education,38(1), pp.71-86. Romero, C. and Ventura, S., 2013. Data mining in education.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery,3(1), pp.12-27. Tuckman, B.W. and Harper, B.E., 2012.Conducting educational research. Rowman Littlefield Publishers.

Love Mumbo Jumbo Essays (829 words) - Sexual Fidelity,

Marlon Josephs Professor Ehtesham-Zadeh ENGL 1101: Composition Rhetoric 13 October 2018 The Right to Love Why do we assume women cheat due to loneliness and a desire for affection? Why do we surmise men cheat because of boredom and lust for intimacy? Half of the marriages, in America, end in divorce. (Francoeur 72) Statistically, the frequency of infidelity has risen fifty percent since 1970. If happy, contented people become unfaithful what drives us to do so? Most Americans believe infidelity occurs because of strained relationships and personal shortcomings. Society world, religions, and cultural institutions have maintained that humanity evolved in families. Scientifically, human beings are not at all monogamous. We know this intellectually, but on an emotional level, we seem to be hardwired for denial. Human nature's promiscuous past worsens struggles over monogamy, relationships, and family dynamics. Human nature cherishes love , sex , and affection but struggles with continuing commitment. Fantasizing about people other than our partner romantically and sexually is common. A consensual non-monogamous relationship is appropriate for some people. The two main criticisms toward non-monogamy are that the relationships do not work in practice and that non-monogamy will destroy relationships. We're going to overlook religious objections, since religion is mainly a matter of opinion and cannot be argued against readily. The argument that non-monogamy does not work in practice is put forth by monogamists who most likely do not understand how having multiple partners could work or are not interested in putting forth the effort to make it work. I believe this contention is based on confirmation bias. To truly determine whether non-monogamous relationships have a higher rate of failure than monogamous relationships we would need the ability to study these relationships properly. Unfortunately, the combination of researchers not understanding polyamory completely and polyamorists not wanting to expose themselves to scrutiny by the public makes it a challenge to run studies and get accurate results. The second argument that non-monogamy will destroy relationships is concerned with the concept of pair-bonding. Opponents to non-monogamy feel that having multiple relationships will make it difficult to maintain or achieve pair-bonding the strong connection between two people often found between mother and child or husband and wife. The fear is bonding partners will be more willing to leave their current relationship for another intimate relationship. (Ferrer) 56. In my opinion, this does not make sense when you consider how common this is in monogamy. Partners in a relationship commonly find another intimate connection and leave their original partner. Would it not be less likely to destroy relationships if the partner did not have to leave their current relationship to form a second relationship. We need to examine the foundation of a polyamorous lifestyle. That requires confronting the erroneous presumptions that relationships consisting of more than one partner involve one man and his harem of women. That is an understandable stereotype that's heavily ingrained in our society , because these types of dynamics have been encouraged by numerous religious groups and previous civilizations. Today's polyamory movement doesn't believe this notion. Some argue polyamory's rise is because of the feminist revolution: as women gained financial and social independence, they could choose their relationships. Today gender equality is a central value of the polyamorous community, and the makeup of connections is determined not by sexual desire but by individual preferences. Middle-class culture has changed drastically. People are not marrying anymore for survival . Dossie Easton, co-author of The Ethical Slut conveys people are not marrying anymore more for survival. 'Our kids won't starve if we get divorced. Today we have marriages and relationships for wildly different reasons than our ancestors did. We're doing it for emotional gratification.'' (Newitz 4) It has been shown that humans are neither strictly monogamous nor strictly non-monogamous; like many things in life, sexuality is a spectrum with some people at either extreme, but most people reside somewhere in the middle. The only constant is change. Society is changing, as is the way we form relationships. Inter-racial marriage and same-sex marriage have become relatively common and acceptable. These changes reflect how people prefer what is best suited for them, and their community rather than what society pressure them to do.